I was a USAF WSO/EWO for 20 years.
It is of course nonsense to say that WSOs/EWOs/Navs/NFOs were pilot training washouts. The only pilot washouts who could even get in to nav school were those that hand 'hands' problems, but not mental problems. There were very few of these.
I flew the F-4 for right at 1000 hours, and the F-111 for about 600. I did not 'ride' these airplanes. There's a lot more to flying than just stick actuation.
I got all the stick time I wanted in the F-4 and bomber model F-111, the regs allowed this. I was different from some backseaters in that I never, ever, asked for the stick except to practice formation flying and practice instrument approaches.
The reason I wanted formation practice that was because every WSO/EWO in F-4s and F-111s was expected to be able to handle basic formation flying so as to give the pilot a break on cross countries. I wanted to practice approches to be ready for the rare event that my pilot became incapacitated.
Most of my F-4 time was in the F-4G, which had no forward visibility from the rear seat. Most of my Vark time was in the EF-111, which had no stick at all for the EWO.
I did take take the stick briefly for operational reasons exactly once on a night tanker when my pilot got vertigo.
I also had the habit when in the hard wing F-4s of bracketing the stick with my legs at during high AoA maneuvering, since significant aileron input in that situation would result in loss of control. That wasn't a problem with the F-4E/G, which had slatted leading edges.
Every squadron had one or two navs who were frustrated pilots and would beg for every second of stick time they could get. I always found this a little embarrassing. Especially in the EF-111, which required the EWO to put his hand closer to the pilots lap than I ever wanted my hand to be.
I flew a lot with an EF-111 pilot who came to us from the Marine EA-6 world. He several times wanted me to 'take his stick'. I always politely declined. I'm always polite to former Marines.
On the other hand, during the tactical part of the missions the F-4G EWO was literally calling the shots and using the pilot as a voice actuated autopilot. In the F-111 the WSO/EWO is calling the shots for pretty much the whole mission. The pilot is flying the heading and altitude bugs set by the right seater.
I didn't get much time in the bomber versions of the F-111, but did find that airplane pretty easy to hand fly, except that you had to use voice commands to sweep the wings. It was nice being able to select AB, which I couldn't do in the F-4.
Most of my Vark time was in EF-111s, which had no stick for the EWO.
The odd thing about the SparkVark was that I was much more of co-pilot in the EF-111 than I ever was in the F-4, which had a stick in the back.
In the F-4 I could usually relax a bit during the RTB, especially since almost all of my F-4 time was in the Pacific or desert southwest. I had very few flights in really serious IMC in the F-4. On RTB the F-4 is always fuel critical, so going home was generally a straight minimum energy path to the pattern. The F-111 I was busy even during RTB.
Most of my EF-111 time was flown in Europe, where IMC was a reality most of the year. We routinely flew missions in IMC in the F/EF-111. Not only do you have to fly IMC to fly in Europe, the F-111 (unlike the F-4) had enough gas to fly an actual real mission of significant lenght and still have legal IFR reserves at landing.
The F-111 was really designed from the ground up to be a two-pilot airplane, as opposed to the F-4, which was designed for a pilot and a radar operator.
The F-111 was an order of magnitude more complicated just to fly around than then F-4. Also, the missions in the F-111 were themselves very much more complex than those flown by the F-4 Weasels. They were typically two to three times as long, and involved much more elaborate and detailed flight planning.
And all fighter missions of every sort are far more complicated than any airline flight.
General Dynamics favored complicated cockpits, just compare the cockpits of the MacAir F-15 with the GD F-16 to see what I mean.
Not to mention the whole night and IMC low level flying mission done only by the F-111.
Flying night and/or IMC at low altitude and high speed required 110% concentration by both pilot and nav, neither could do it alone.
I don't think any single seat airplane exists that can routinely fly the kind of night/IMC low levels that the Varks could.
In the F/EF-111 I was busy from the time we started mission planning to the time we walked out of the debriefing. Mission planning was much more elaborate in the F-111 compared to the F-4.
Especially in the Wild Weasel mission that were mostly what I flew, F-4 mission planning was mostly done at about the same level that Hell's Angels uses when they plan to visit a bar frequented by the Mongols.
F-111 mission planning is more like that used for a NASA lunar mission.
To be fair to the double-ugly fans out there, the F-4 was WAY more physically taxing to fly than the F-111.
The F-4 missions were shorter by a factor of about 2 to 2.5, but once clear of the traffic pattern the F-4 was pulling six g's or zero for pretty much the whole time. The F-4 design incorporated no provisions for crew comfort of any kind. An 1860's steam locomotive was an ergonomic masterpiece compared to the F-4, especially to the F-4 back seat.
The F-111, on the other hand, was designed from the ground up to minimize crew fatique and discomfort. It was really a very pleasant place to work, even after 3, 4, or 12 hours. The F-111 was air conditioned.
And while the F-4 and F-111 had the same g limits, the F-4 was at or near the limits most of the time, while the F-111 was a lot more gentlemanly about pulling g's.
I enjoyed flying the F-111 more than I did the F-4. The 'Vark was just great fun from beginning to end, every flight was an adventure.
Some F-4 missions were more like just hard physical work, such as '12 practice bombs and straff on a controlled range'. In the Mojave desert.
I have to be honest and say I liked the general squadron culture better in the F-4 community compared to the Vark community. Although in the end we in the military are all cut from the same cloth, there are big differences in the various subspecies one encounters in the course of 20 years.
The F-4 Wild Weasel culture was straight out of Top Gun.
The F-4 thought pattern was:
"Lets go kick some a**!!!!"
"Badges, to ##### with badges! We have no badges. In fact, we don't need badges. I don't have to show you any stinking badges, you #######"!!!!"
"You've gotta ask yourself a question: 'Do I feel lucky?' Well, do ya, punk? "
Flying regulations of all kinds were viewed in Weasels as sort of general guidelines, and considering binding mostly as an inverse function of the distance from an authority figure who might care about them.
The F-111 community attitudes, were, let's say, somewhat more conservative.
The general thought pattern was along of the lines of 'woud Mom be embarrassed if she knew I was doing this'.
In every F-111 planning session there was a contest to see who could find a rule that would prohbit us from doing what we wanted to do.
Even when the black letter rules allowed an activity, there were a lot of F-111 guys who would burn the midnight oil looking for the equivalent of FAA Chief Counsel Letters to find a way to poop on the party.
Every enemy pilot was assumed by a lot of F-111 guys to be Steve Canyon flying Wonder Woman's invisible airplane.
In the F-4C (objectively broken down POS's by the time I flew them) our pilots fangs would go through the floor at the mere thought of seeing the latest and greatest MIG flown by the Russian Ace of the Base.
To the Weasel, every SAM was a juicy target.
To the F-111, every SAM was a death machine that would effortlessly swat down airplanes day or night with the flick of a switch.
It took me a few years to understand at an intellectual level why the F-111 community was so much more conservatie than the F-4 community.
It was because the F-111 had so many more clever and different ways to kill you.
The F-4 would only try to kill you in a few straight forward ways. I mentioned inputing aileron at high AoA in a hard wing F-4 as an example.
The F-4 didn't like that, and would punish you in a straight forward if you tried it. Try it close to the ground and you got the death penalty. No muss, no fuss, just a smoking hole.
The F-4 would rarely just blow up. The F-4 had only one really bad flight control failure mode (dual hydrallic failure), and as long as the crew recognized it when it happened they'd be fine.
The F-4 used dual hydraulic failure as a way to weed out the weak. Nothing personal.
The F-111 had perfect computer-controlled flight controls that were a joy to fly. Until HAL decided to refuse to open the pod bay doors. Or the Vark just decided that it was tired of flying straight and level in the flight levels on a cross country and decided to dive straight down. Or the Vark came up with some new and exciting combination of wing sweep, stabilator postion, leading edge device, and flap position. Just for the heck of it.
With its all singing all dancing wings and flight control system, the F-111 had an almost infinite number of interesting flight control failure modes.
I never, ever, had an uncommanded flight control input from the F-4. I can't recall even hearing of such thing in the F-4.
I had two uncommanded roll incidents in my relatively short time in the F-111.
The F-111 was happy to fly into the side of a mountain if the crew slipped up even a little bit on a TFR low level.
The huge TF-30 turbo fans (same as in the F-14) would and did compressor stall if mistreated. Just ask Goose. Oh never mind, you can't ask Goose because Maverick killed him by hamfisting the yaw axis at high high AoA.
The F-111 had little metal pencil shaped part called (IIRC) a 'stab actuator' that controlled the pitch angle of the two stabilators. If it 'galled', then the F-111 could and did sometimes just pitch full nose down in a microsecond.
The F-111 could kill you by melting the windshield.
And all this was the state when I got the Vark, fairly late in the game when it was a proven, mostly safe airplane.
The early F-111s were real widow makers. The F-111 was a huge leap in the state of the art when it first came in to the inventory.
All my time in the F-4 and F-111 was flying time. Maybe not for the FAA, but in reality.
I was super lucky to had the chance to fly these two incredible airplanes. I didn't fully appreciate how lucky I was until it was all over.
Jobs and Woz started about the same time as I did. They made more money than me. But they never flew Double-Ugly or the Vark.
In today's military, the only nav/EWO/WSO/CSO seats that are left are those that absolutely have to be there.
It's better in the long run to be a military pilot rather than a military nav/EWO/WSO/NFO. The miltary likes pilots better, and pilots do learn a civilian vocation.
But if you are the sort who reads books and flunks the eye test, it's a lot better to be flying as a Nav/NFO/WSO/CSO etc than not flying at all.