Well, let's say you accidentally bust a stadium TFR. If you're a private pilot, you might get off with a warning, while a commercial pilot might get a 30-day suspension and an ATP might get a 60-day. I'm sure the guidelines are in FSIMS somewhere...
BTW, it's not a 1-to-1 kind of thing. Experience is one of a number of aggravating and mitigating factors. The way they work is very similar to any penalty process, including presumptive sentencing in criminal cases.
(Over)simplifying a bit, The 2150.3
FAA Compliance and Enforcement Program internal Order establishes ranges of penalties for various violations. If you look at the Order
@ARFlyer linked, Figure 9-2 lists
Low, Moderate, High and Maximum ranges for penalties. For example, for certificate suspensions, a "Low" penalty range is 20-60 days suspension; the maximum range is 150-270 days.
Figure 9-9 lists various types of violations and ranks them by severity. For example, screwing up your taxi and having a runway incursion is Severity 2.
Within each Severity level, Figure 9-1 ranks the conduct as either "careless" or "reckless and intentional" for the purpose of applying a penalty range. Our runway incursion due to a brief moment of inattention might put the pilot in the 60-120 day Careless/Moderate penalty range; a more flagrant violation, in the High 90-150 day Reckless/High range.
Where experience, certificate level and other aggravating and mitigating factors come into play is what the specific penalty should be within the range and even whether it should be above or below the range. The FAA generally starts in the center of the range. The aggravating and mitigating factors move the penalty up and down within the range. Staying with our "careless" incursion, the presumptive penalty within the 60-120 Moderate range is 90 days. The newly minted private pilot who rarely gets into Class D and misunderstood the instruction might get closer to 60. The pilot with 1500 hours, most of them based at that Class D, can expect closer to the 120.
That's really oversimplifying it. I'm not taking such things as the Compliance Program, Administrative Actions and other dispositions short of formal certificate actions, or "plea bargaining." Also, understand we are talking about "presumptive" penalties. There can be activities which take one out of the range altogether. For example, a pattern of repeated violations is an aggravating factor which could lead to an an bring a pilot above the presumptive penalty range and even into the most severe FAA certificate sanction of all, revocation.
And no, it's not an exact science.