These are military systemic issues, not some kind of inherent characteristic of Afghan men. When my buds in Iraq would laugh at inept Arab soldiers, I would always observe that it was funny how the other side seemed to have no trouble finding Arabs who could fight.
Conscription and signing bonuses fill the ranks with hapless boobs with no other options. Victims mostly. Guys who want to fight go to the side that gives them a good reason to fight. In a culture where religion dominates everything, it is hard to compete with the Imams and Mullahs telling young men to drive out the infidels.
I struggle to understand how the same approach that wound up working in Iraq failed in Afghanistan. Many of the same cultural features existed. I think fundamentally it comes down to two things. First, the Iraqi people were more modern and urban, and understood as a society that national stability was better than tribal and ethnic chaos. Eventually all the sheiks realized, OK, we gotta have some kind of government here or we're going to get eaten by ISIS and Iran, so they did the hard work to hammer out some kind of uneasy method of sharing power. Also, Iraq has Kurds. I love Kurds. All 10th Group guys love Kurds.
Second, Iraq lacks a dominant tribe like the Pashtun. The Pashtun are the world's largest tribal society, with over 50 million people. Since their religious and tribal leadership are pretty much the same, that makes them a very cohesive and motivated foe. Combine that with an untouchable sanctuary and unlimited outside aid, and they are unbeatable in a guerilla war. A quick look at the distribution of Pashtun tribes on a map of Afghanistan and Pakistan tells you pretty much everything you need to know. Basically, Russia and the US fought a 40 year war against Pashtunistan, tagging out in the middle.
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