Golden Age of GA

Have you seen anything from the FAA on this? The only thing I've seen is through the EAA. In principle, the ACO takes the risk which is different than with owner parts or using other guidance like AC 23-27.

No, but the A&Ps I’ve discussed this with are unequivocal in their position that it’s their signature in the logbook, therefore their certificate is at risk.

Granted, it’s a small sample size, but since it’s been around for while now and ‘PMA parts readily available or obtainable” is subjective, none have found a reason to go down the path yet for something like our 172.
 
General Aviation is not dead. General Aviation that burns 100LL outside of flight schools is dead.
My GA airport is busier than ever with Jet A burning aircraft. I guess it depends on what you call General Aviation?
 
but since it’s been around for while now and ‘PMA parts readily available or obtainable” is subjective, none have found a reason to go down the path yet for something like our 172.
Except I don't see where "its been around for a while" since there is zero FAA guidance on VARMA. But the minute they do issue that guidance I have about a dozen items I will send to them for FAA approval. The way VARMA is supposedly written, the ACO will approve the item for installation which is no different than a PMA part. But without formal guidance its no more than a wish list from the EAA. Can't see where any A&P would not install it with an FAA approval on the part?
 
While I agree with most of the points posted, I feel like not enough emphasis or blame has been placed on the FAA in regulating innovation out of existence, either by slow-playing approvals, driving up costs, layering on new "safety" requirements, or increasing operating costs (e.g. allowing landing fees, not supporting the development of hangars, supporting quasi-monopoly FBOs, targeting individual owners and maintenance shops, not supporting reform in medicals and owner maintenance, etc). The FAA sets the field upon which all of us play, and they have done an absolute @#$% job of it.
Not arguing. Can you clarify which regs have come into play since the 1970’s to make this a factor? That is, what specifically has changed in the regs since then to make this a significant factor in aviation participation?
 
Except I don't see where "its been around for a while" since there is zero FAA guidance on VARMA. But the minute they do issue that guidance I have about a dozen items I will send to them for FAA approval. The way VARMA is supposedly written, the ACO will approve the item for installation which is no different than a PMA part. But without formal guidance its no more than a wish list from the EAA. Can't see where any A&P would not install it with an FAA approval on the part?

Have you seen the Work Instruction?


EAA reports they’ve gained acceptance for a starter solenoid, alternators, and voltage regulators.


Maybe I’m misunderstanding your wuestion.
 
I did not read the whole thread so this is maybe a repeat, or now off-topic.
I think if GA is dying it must be geographic, because wherever I fly it seems like the skies are crazy busy.
I look at the adsb traffic on the displays when around all these airports and it's a beehive of activity.
I was at a class D airport in Texas today and it was 8 in line to get out, and a string-of-pearls landing lights trying to get in.
 
General Aviation is not dead. General Aviation that burns 100LL outside of flight schools is dead.
My GA airport is busier than ever with Jet A burning aircraft. I guess it depends on what you call General Aviation?
There is a very healthy avgas-burning GA community in Florida. I’m in a group that has a weekly flyout with almost always more than 50 planes showing up, and several fly-ins with well in excess of 100 aircraft. The airport restaurants seem plenty busy. The A&Ps are busy and keeping their schedules full. I see a steady flow of small planes going over in all directions every day.
 
These days a new 172 runs about 450k and, at least among folks I work with, median income runs close to 200 k so not too far off …
Having trouble aligning that one. The quote was regarding overall median income and aircraft costs between two different time periods. “Amongst who you know” is not a relevant comparative measure. The median US income is around $48,000 for all workers, $60,000 for full-time workers, and around $80,000 for households.

Affordability is pretty germane to this thread and your claim that new aircraft are only 2x the cost of the annual income of the top 12% of wage earners is not nearly the same as 2x the income of the 50th percentile. Maybe I missed some sarcasm.
 
Not arguing. Can you clarify which regs have come into play since the 1970’s to make this a factor? That is, what specifically has changed in the regs since then to make this a significant factor in aviation participation?
The problem is they don’t have to even change the regs for it to be an issue. This is the fundamental problem with the “agencies” of the federal government, they are truly judge, jury, and executioner on all their own regulations. They don’t want to keep writing field approvals for some random thing? They just won’t, even if there is no supporting legislation or regulation. They don’t reeeeally want to certify that new aircraft or engine design? Well… they just won’t. They don’t really feel like approving that new unleaded gas or expediting its review or even working together to get something done quickly even though the alternative is just to let the eco-lobby litigate GA out of existence? Well, no bother. It goes on and on and on and on and on, and yes, I am steamed about it because I have experienced their malfeasance personally. You said 70s, but all of Part 23, as an example - the entire corpus of design standards - was implemented in the late 60s, I believe, so there’s a giant rewrite of regulation if I must point to something but there’s plenty more, and in reality, it doesn’t matter because it doesn’t even have to be about actual regulations. With Chevron overturned, there is new hope for at least the judge, jury, and executioner problem, but plenty of issues still remain and it’s not like the average civilian GA pilot has the pocketbook to take on the government anyway.
 
But right now we have roughly 600,000 pilots... So that can't be the only reason.
It's the flux that matters - in WWII 435k pilots were trained in say 3-4 years. They then aged in place as a cohort that knew about and could fly. Today, the total number of pilots is only 50% higher than that, and those were trained over, say, 40 years. Personally think that's why sales peaked in late 1970s, when the big bolus from WWII were 35 years on and finally in a position to buy an airplane. Was a one and done thing, with sales dropping to near zero by mid-1980s. The liability bit was real, but if the market demand in 1985 was still 17k units per year, the liability issue would not have played the same role.

Another issue is that in the 60's and 70's there were public airports all over the place, and they were even still building new ones. The latter never happens now, and most of the close-in suburban airports became malls and housing developments, forcing those who do travel with their plane to funnel into far fewer airports, which causes market forces to allow the operators to charge far higher for fees and services. That's a downward spiral all unto itself.

It looks like the GA space is splitting into two pieces - truly recreational flying, of which the gorgeous pictures posted of some fly-ins full of biplanes are emblematic, and flying to get somewhere. The latter has wholly been taken over by fractional jets, SETPs (135 and owner flown, but mostly the former), and 121 services. I fly for transport somewhat (not sure why, making less and less sense, though the view of the country is unforgettable each time), on 500 to 1500nm trips. Basically that small segment is Cirrus, Bonanza, and a few 210s. With maintenance becoming more expensive and harder to find, and the supply chain stretched to the max, I think the SEP GA to go places will continue to fade. Somewhere, somehow, tens of thousands of engines could be built from scratch in the late 1970s. Today lead times for an engine or major engine parts like a crankshaft can be over three years. That's not sustainable. The airframe parts can often be sourced from salvage, but engine/machined parts generally not.
 
The problem is they don’t have to even change the regs for it to be an issue. This is the fundamental problem with the “agencies” of the federal government, they are truly judge, jury, and executioner on all their own regulations. They don’t want to keep writing field approvals for some random thing? They just won’t, even if there is no supporting legislation or regulation. They don’t reeeeally want to certify that new aircraft or engine design? Well… they just won’t. They don’t really feel like approving that new unleaded gas or expediting its review or even working together to get something done quickly even though the alternative is just to let the eco-lobby litigate GA out of existence? Well, no bother. It goes on and on and on and on and on, and yes, I am steamed about it because I have experienced their malfeasance personally. You said 70s, but all of Part 23, as an example - the entire corpus of design standards - was implemented in the late 60s, I believe, so there’s a giant rewrite of regulation if I must point to something but there’s plenty more, and in reality, it doesn’t matter because it doesn’t even have to be about actual regulations. With Chevron overturned, there is new hope for at least the judge, jury, and executioner problem, but plenty of issues still remain and it’s not like the average civilian GA pilot has the pocketbook to take on the government anyway.
From emissions standards to fuel economy standards to shoulder belts to airbags to TPMS to a list of things I can’t remember or know about, in the same period, cars have been subjected to literally an exponentially greater number of new regs yet they don’t seem to be dying as a transportation type. In fact, I’d really be curious to know what new regs Piper has to deal with when building a current Archer compared with 40 years ago.

I’m just not seeing it as a major driving factor, especially in comparison to other similar areas (I’m betting boats and RVs have had their share of new regs as well - just not to the same degree as cars).

Is there room for improvement? Yeah, probably. Is it a major issue? Not sold on that yet.
 
From the 1940s through the 1970s, people kept buying new airplanes because they were better (or at least more modern) than airplanes from a decade earlier. Nowadays, a brand new C-172 is virtually indistinguishable from a 1970s C-172, except for avionics... and you can retrofit that old 172 with new glass for far less than the cost of a new bird. So few people buy new, and due to the economies of scale, new airplanes prices go up, so even fewer people buy new, etc.

Cars, OTOH, are still improving with each new decade.
 
Personally, I think cars have peaked and are on the decline.
Nah, cars are much better today. A new plebian Accord has the performance of a Mustang of 40 years ago, and a new Mustang has the performance of a true exotic from 40 years ago. Add in safety enhancements, and it's a win. They don't make them like they use to, and I'm damned glad.


And this is a 16 yr old Malibu, newer cars are even better.
 
From emissions standards to fuel economy standards to shoulder belts to airbags to TPMS to a list of things I can’t remember or know about, in the same period, cars have been subjected to literally an exponentially greater number of new regs yet they don’t seem to be dying as a transportation type. In fact, I’d really be curious to know what new regs Piper has to deal with when building a current Archer compared with 40 years ago.

I’m just not seeing it as a major driving factor, especially in comparison to other similar areas (I’m betting boats and RVs have had their share of new regs as well - just not to the same degree as cars).

Is there room for improvement? Yeah, probably. Is it a major issue? Not sold on that yet.
Have you ever worked through an approval or worked with the FAA on an issue or topic generally? Have you heard about struggles related to medicals, unleaded gas, MOSAIC, how hard it was to get BasicMed done or further reform it, etc? My sense is that people who have not worked with the FAA tend to see them in a favorable light - the "Kinder, Gentler FAA" messaging has taken effect - and those that have actually worked with them, are uniformly disgusted.
 
Nah, cars are much better today. A new plebian Accord has the performance of a Mustang of 40 years ago, and a new Mustang has the performance of a true exotic from 40 years ago. Add in safety enhancements, and it's a win. They don't make them like they use to, and I'm damned glad.


And this is a 16 yr old Malibu, newer cars are even better.

I'm sick of key-fobs, and none of the power or safety improvements require key-fobs.
 
I think if GA is dying it must be geographic, because wherever I fly it seems like the skies are crazy busy.
I look at the adsb traffic on the displays when around all these airports and it's a beehive of activity.
I was at a class D airport in Texas today and it was 8 in line to get out, and a string-of-pearls landing lights trying to get in.
Not sure which Class D airport you were at, but Georgetown in Central Texas is exactly what you described. For awhile they had the cheapest fuel in the area, but you'd better be ready to sit for 10 minutes waiting to take off.

They have 3 large flight schools, Aero Guard & Career Track being the largest. Several times I've heard the tower tell these schools they can't do touch-n-goes and have to leave, so they go to all of the small airports and fill our patterns!
 
Nah, cars are much better today. A new plebian Accord has the performance of a Mustang of 40 years ago, and a new Mustang has the performance of a true exotic from 40 years ago. Add in safety enhancements, and it's a win. They don't make them like they use to, and I'm damned glad.
But they’re disposable, not repairable.
 
But they’re disposable, not repairable.
I don’t know if I agree with that. When I was growing up, a car was pretty much crap at 60,000 miles. Now people regularly get 200,000 miles out of cars without many repairs at all.
 
There is a very healthy avgas-burning GA community in Florida. I’m in a group that has a weekly flyout with almost always more than 50 planes showing up, and several fly-ins with well in excess of 100 aircraft. The airport restaurants seem plenty busy. The A&Ps are busy and keeping their schedules full. I see a steady flow of small planes going over in all directions every day.
And the average age of aircraft that participate? Like going to antique car shows around here.
 
I don’t know if I agree with that. When I was growing up, a car was pretty much crap at 60,000 miles. Now people regularly get 200,000 miles out of cars without many repairs at all.
But you could overhaul the engine and transmission and repair other parts for a reasonable price. Now it’s a new engine and transmission from the factory that cost more than I paid for the car.
 
And the average age of aircraft that participate? Like going to antique car shows around here.
Quite a wide range. Everything from the mid 1930s to Phase 1. I’d say the overall percentage is shifting toward newer aircraft, with the majority from the 1970s. The increase in Cirrus and Carbon Cubs in particular, along with RVs, is noticeable in just the last few years.
 
Have you ever worked through an approval or worked with the FAA on an issue or topic generally? Have you heard about struggles related to medicals, unleaded gas, MOSAIC, how hard it was to get BasicMed done or further reform it, etc? My sense is that people who have not worked with the FAA tend to see them in a favorable light - the "Kinder, Gentler FAA" messaging has taken effect - and those that have actually worked with them, are uniformly disgusted.
At the risk of sounding argumentative, if one could fly IFR just on your driver’s license, could use a $100 Walmart tablet for navigation, and could use a Gates alternator belt off the shelf, I think the amount of GA flying would go up but not by much. Yes, regs are a factor (and I’d contend, as I have before, that most regs are because someone did something unexpected/stupid to warrant them to protect others) but I just don’t see it as in, say, the top 5 (10?) contributing factors. I’m open to seeing otherwise, though.
 
But you could overhaul the engine and transmission and repair other parts for a reasonable price. Now it’s a new engine and transmission from the factory that cost more than I paid for the car.
Ok, even if you could double the life of the mechanicals (by overhauls) in a 70’s car it would still be eaten up by rust by 120k.
 
Not sure which Class D airport you were at, but Georgetown in Central Texas is exactly what you described. For awhile they had the cheapest fuel in the area, but you'd better be ready to sit for 10 minutes waiting to take off.

They have 3 large flight schools, Aero Guard & Career Track being the largest. Several times I've heard the tower tell these schools they can't do touch-n-goes and have to leave, so they go to all of the small airports and fill our patterns!
Don't worry, I'm sure landing fees will soon fix that problem for you!

More seriously, I do wonder when the "gold rush" bubble is going to burst for flight training, and what that will mean for these flight schools.
 
One item I'd add to the list is decreased availability of ground transportation at small airports away from urban areas. I like to fly to the mountains for skiing, fishing, and backpacking. There used to be rental and courtesy cars available at most small fields. I can still usually find a way to get to a ski resort, but it's harder to find a shuttle to a trailhead in a remote area, and I need a car to get to a lot of the rivers and lakes I used to be able to fish on day trips. I have one airport car already, but in California, every car must be insured to be registered, and insurance in California is super expensive, even for old beaters that drive less than 500 miles/year. If I land at a larger airport with rental cars, then it's a much longer drive to the places I used to frequent. According to my logbook, I just stopped doing those day trips a long time ago as ground transportation dried up.
 
Ok, even if you could double the life of the mechanicals (by overhauls) in a 70’s car it would still be eaten up by rust by 120k.
You do understand that cars were built both before and after the ‘70s, right?
 
These days a new 172 runs about 450k and, at least among folks I work with, median income runs close to 200 k so not too far off …
Median income in the US is not close to $200k. Latest data is $70k.

Compared to 1973 a brand new Cessna 172 off the assembly line would be $140k.
 
Planes have leap frogged technologically. Envelope protection, synthetic vision, airbags, parachutes, 200-340 knots with efficient high performance props, fitted alcantara leather seats that would be at home in a BMW, with dual automatic climate control zones, some of the new ones can even land themselves. Can't say that today's planes have much in common with planes of the 70's. Some OEM's have stayed locked in time, but that is the fault of the OEM's, not the lack of progress.

Here are just a few props that were not even considered possible in the 70's 80's, 90's and even the early 2000's for some of these aircraft. Fully digital cockpits that seemingly see through clouds, digital autopilots that seem to ride on rails, and electronic stability programs that can rescue an out of control pilot, and some that will even land themselves with no pilot input, all while talking to ATC, squawking 7700, checking winds and weather, to pick the best place to land. 300+ knot propellor driven aircraft that can cross the country in half a day. These aren't 1970's Cessna's Pipers or Bonanza's. Some of them are pretty pricey, but have you priced luxury SUV's or homes lately?


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Another issue is that in the 60's and 70's there were public airports all over the place, and they were even still building new ones. The latter never happens now, and most of the close-in suburban airports became malls and housing developments, forcing those who do travel with their plane to funnel into far fewer airports, which causes market forces to allow the operators to charge far higher for fees and services. That's a downward spiral all unto itself.
Absolutely. This is why we need to fight to keep airports open - Every airport that closes takes a little of the value away from all of the airports that remain open.
It looks like the GA space is splitting into two pieces - truly recreational flying, of which the gorgeous pictures posted of some fly-ins full of biplanes are emblematic, and flying to get somewhere. The latter has wholly been taken over by fractional jets, SETPs (135 and owner flown, but mostly the former), and 121 services. I fly for transport somewhat (not sure why, making less and less sense, though the view of the country is unforgettable each time), on 500 to 1500nm trips. Basically that small segment is Cirrus, Bonanza, and a few 210s.
That's why it's such a popular market segment. Cirrus is killing everyone on new sales, and there's a reason "Bonanza" is our default answer here for used. I use my Mooney to great effect, and Comanches have held their value well as a way to have a great traveling airplane on a lower purchase budget.

And that's why there's a flip side to Cirrus doing so well. They've sucked all the oxygen out of that segment. Even those companies that have already-certified planes for that market that they are capable of producing right now (Beech, Mooney) just can't seem to make any progress. Hopefully the Pipistrel Panthera gets certified and becomes a popular competitor.

With maintenance becoming more expensive and harder to find, and the supply chain stretched to the max, I think the SEP GA to go places will continue to fade. Somewhere, somehow, tens of thousands of engines could be built from scratch in the late 1970s. Today lead times for an engine or major engine parts like a crankshaft can be over three years. That's not sustainable. The airframe parts can often be sourced from salvage, but engine/machined parts generally not.
Maintenance is becoming a huge issue. The pilot shortage has nothing on the mechanic shortage.

Parts weren't really an issue until the Covid supply chain mess... But I don't know how long it's going to take to recover from that. I'm well past TBO at this point, and just hoping my engine can hang on long enough that I'm not grounded for 6+ months waiting on a new one. I've even been looking at the possibility of doing the 310hp upgrade at the same time so that I'll be able to have access to more (and more popular) engines. And I'm a bit worried that in 20-30 years when I'm hopefully still flying that it'll be next to impossible to get a piston GA aircraft maintained any more. :(
 
Planes have leap frogged technologically. Envelope protection, synthetic vision, airbags, parachutes, 200-340 knots with efficient high performance props, fitted alcantara leather seats that would be at home in a BMW, with dual automatic climate control zones, some of the new ones can even land themselves. Can't say that today's planes have much in common with planes of the 70's. Some OEM's have stayed locked in time, but that is the fault of the OEM's, not the lack of progress.

Here are just a few props that were not even considered possible in the 70's 80's, 90's and even the early 2000's for some of these aircraft. Fully digital cockpits that seemingly see through clouds, digital autopilots that seem to ride on rails, and electronic stability programs that can rescue an out of control pilot, and some that will even land themselves with no pilot input, all while talking to ATC, squawking 7700, checking winds and weather, to pick the best place to land. 300+ knot propellor driven aircraft that can cross the country in half a day. These aren't 1970's Cessna's Pipers or Bonanza's. Some of them are pretty pricey, but have you priced luxury SUV's or homes lately?
"Some of them are pretty pricey"??? There's not a plane in your post except the DA40 that comes in under a million dollars new - 12x median income.

They're really nice, but they're also completely inaccessible to normal people. When you shut out 98% of the market right off the bat, it amplifies all the other issues talked about in this thread.
 
At the risk of sounding argumentative, if one could fly IFR just on your driver’s license, could use a $100 Walmart tablet for navigation, and could use a Gates alternator belt off the shelf, I think the amount of GA flying would go up but not by much. Yes, regs are a factor (and I’d contend, as I have before, that most regs are because someone did something unexpected/stupid to warrant them to protect others) but I just don’t see it as in, say, the top 5 (10?) contributing factors. I’m open to seeing otherwise, though.
Well, again, I don't even really think it is an issue of regulations, per se, but of bureaucratic incompetence and inertia (but also regulation, fwiw). While you might not list regulation and bureaucratic inertia as a top-5 cause of the decline of GA, I bet you would list "cost". My point here is that cost (and also any number of other negative factors) is driven by that same bureaucratic incompetence and inertia. In this sense, cost is the symptom and the FAA's incompetence and inertia is the disease. Like I said, the FAA sets the field that we all - indeed the entire industry - plays on.

To beat a dead horse, for instance, by slow-playing approvals and restricting innovation, far fewer new engine or airframes have been allowed to enter the market, thus restricting supply, thus driving up cost. I don't think anyone would really argue that there wouldn't be far more production of aircraft and engines if it weren't for the FAA. "But new engines and aircraft cost so much" you might say, "so even if more were produced, no one would buy them!". Yes, but why do they cost so much? Because they are so difficult to approve (for one), and because there is such restricted competition that would otherwise put downward pressure on price (for the same reason!). FWIW, I'm not exactly a free-market absolutist and happily take the position that a certain amount of this kind of restriction (e.g. "good" regulation) supports the health of a marketplace by contributing to safety and fair-dealing. But the FAA's approach has effectively strangled the market entirely, killing it.
 
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