In the terminal area, wing walkers should have been in use.
Although that is no guarantee of safety. The average ramper at a big airport is barely making above minimum wage to do an outside labor job, and the hiring pool reflects it. I was recently travelling through a big hub and was watching the ground crews. One wing walker was walking 30 feet in front of the wing, not even watching the wing, all the while giving the ok signal to the tug driver. That wing could have been clipping every light pole and aircraft along the way, and the walker would not have noticed a thing. Just another example of doing a job without accomplishing anything.
Another thing I saw on that same trip, a suitcase laying on the ramp in the vehicle roadway. Obviously fell off a cart. I watched at least a dozen tugs and service vehicles drive around that bag without stopping. Finally our wing walker from above walked over to the bag. I was thinking oh good, someone will take care of it. Nope, just nudged it out of the roadway and left it. Not my job.