So I'm still trying to understand all of these approaches; we're getting to GPS and localizer approcahes and I'm starting to confuse all of them. So take this approach for example
http://155.178.201.160/d-tpp/1412/00618V27.PDF
You would go to the IAF, run 5 Ts, then fly a 087 heading for two minutes, turn to a 042 heading for one minute, then 222 heading for one minute. (Does it matter if its two minutes or two miles?) After turning to a 267 heading, run 5 Ts and then a GUMP check, is that right?
Also, for localizer/ILS approaches, you would run your GUMP check when the glide slope comes in, right? Once it starts to come in and centers, you power back and a GUMP check, right?
Thank you very much!
It sounds like you're being taught 2 minutes outbound, which might be a decent ballpark... but understand that that's NOT a hard and fast rule. If you're flying directly into the wind for 2 minutes, you may only get a mile or two out. If you have a tailwind, you might end up 6 miles out. What you want to think about it how far do you WANT to fly outbound? Including the procedure turn, you have to remain within 10 miles. The further out you go (within the 10 mile limit), the more time you'll have on the inbound course. That may be a good thing while you're learning, but could be a really bad thing if you're low on fuel in IMC and need to get down ASAP. So rather than just think "2 minutes outbound" try to consider where that 2 minutes will put you and whether or not that's where you want to be when you make the procedure turn to come back inbound.
The procedure turn mechanics aren't nearly as important as making the turn on the correct side of the course while remaining with the 10 mile limit. Left to 042 and then right to 222 is the recommended way to do it (and it certainly makes it easier to just read the numbers and fly that course... course, not heading, by the way... so you may want to adjust for wind). Others might choose to do a left 90 to a 357 course followed by a right 270 to intercept the inbound course.
Here's how I would fly that approach on a calm day (but remember to adjust for wind, if necessary) and was not just being vectored to final:
Fly to FNT at 3100' (the MSA for the area). Run the 5 Ts, twisting the OBS to 087 and turning to a heading that matched (remember, this example is for no wind but you may have to use a wind correction angle to keep the needle centered on 087 with a FROM indication). Fly 6 miles* outbound (in this case, with no wind, that would be 4 minutes since I fly my approaches at 90kts) while descending down to 2500' (don't forget your descent checklist). After 2 minutes, turn left to 042 and run the 5 Ts (start the clock for my 1 minute outbound leg and twist the OBS to the inbound course of 267). After 1 minute, turn right to 222 in order to intercept the course. Once intercepted, begin my descent down to 1500' and run the before landing checklist (ie, GUMP or something similar). Assuming I have DME (my plane does), once I get to 2.8 DME, I can begin my descent down to the straight in MDA of 1260' (or, if I'm circling, to 1280'). Once I level off at MDA, I have the trim and power set to hold level and get my eyes outside as much as possible (while keeping an eye on altitude, so as to not go below MDA) in hopes of finding a runway. If I see the runway before the missed approach point and have the required visibility and the ability to land using normal maneuvering, I'll do so. If any of those are not true, I go missed.
* I chose 6 miles because that will keep me within the 10 mile limit and would be 3.2 miles beyond JOBGO, giving me plenty of time once established inbound to get down the 1000' I want to lose between intercepting the final approach course and reaching 2.8 DME.