I was in south east Texas visiting my mom one winter. As usual for the area, it rained, then the temp dropped below freezing. Black ice.
I was traveling to the next town over to visit a friend of mine and was in the line of traffic. Including cars, 2WD pickups and a couple 18 wheelers, all well spaced for stopping, and going 15 mph. Some fool in a over jacked 4WD pickup, Colorado plates, huge tires, a real redneck special, pulls out of line and starts passing everyone, laughing because they are from Colorado and know how to drive in winter.
The next curve is only about 20 degrees to the right and slightly banked for drainage. He turns the wheel, then yanks it, brake lights come on and straight he goes into the ditch, across the ditch and taking out about 20 feet of fence line. I stop because I know who owns the fence.
As they get out of their vehicle, I just shake my head. The passenger asked why. I told him it is typical to see Colorado plates in the ditch around here. Do you know what black ice is? Everyone you passed knows what it is, how to identify it and how drive safely on it.
The first winter I lived Upstate after selling my consulting business, I noticed that most of the cars in the ditches were 4WD pickups and SUVs, usually driven by recent transplants like myself, not by long-time locals. Upon retiring to the country, they'd go out and buy themselves a 4WD truck with "all-season" tires, and they thought that made them exempt from laws of physics such as inertia, momentum, coefficient of friction, and so forth.
At the time my primary car was a RWD Kia Sportage with a good set of snows and a hundred pounds of rock salt in the back as ballast, and I had no problems. Of course, I'd also had the advantage of having lived in the Syracuse area for several years of my young adulthood. If there's anything you learn living in Syracuse, it's how to drive in the winter. I'd also taken a winter driving course that was quite excellent, in retrospect, when I was with EMS up there.
The thing that most of the people in the ditches had never considered is that no matter how many driven wheels you have on the ground, the laws of physics still apply. Four wheels become four sleds when the road is covered with ice or compacted snow.
Another problem is that snow tires have fallen somewhat out of fashion in the past few decades as many people have bought into the myth of "all-season" tires. There's no such thing as an "all-season" tire in bitterly-cold weather. In fact, once the temperature drops below even a relatively-balmy 40 F, the rubber of "all-season" tires rapidly starts losing its grip. When the temperatures drop into the teens, the loss of traction is substantial even on dry pavement. The rubber of winter tires, on the other hand, is optimized for cold-temperature traction.
I actually was having a talk about this with a new driver in my family not long ago. I mentioned how pretty much everything about the science of snow tires has changed since I started driving, mostly because tire companies and others actually started testing most of the assumptions that were in place back then. The testing proved the assumptions to be false. For example:
When I started driving, snow tires were only recommended on the driven wheels. Now we know that they should be on all four for maximum effectiveness.
Back then, the conventional wisdom was that if you could only afford two new tires, you put them on the front. Now we know that the better tires should be on the rear -- even on FWD cars -- for maximum safety.
Another myth was that wider tires were better in the snow because they provided more friction surface. Now we know that narrower tires are actually better because they cut through the snow rather that sledding over it.
I also remember that back then, we were advised to reduce the pressure in the tires in the winter. Nowadays, most manufacturers recommend
increasing tire pressure several PSI over the doorpost values when using winter tires. Apparently this has to do with the composition of the rubber (winter tire rubber deforms more easily), the snow-cutting effects of higher pressure, the increased heat dispersion efficiency in cold weather, and the slower speeds used when driving in snowy or icy conditions.
It took me a while to accept some of these changes, but a few winters ago I decided to take a leap of faith and go with them, and I reluctantly had to agree that they were all true. The improvement in winter sure-footedness was phenomenal when I followed the current recommendations.
Studded tires are also a lot less popular these days. In my county, the Sheriff's department strongly recommends studded snow tires. If you actually call and ask them about it, they practically beg you to use them. But most people don't like studs, mainly because of the noise and the slower speed ratings.
Another reason people don't like studs is that they can reduce the tires' useful life. But they usually won't if you keep the speed down, especially on warmer days. Winter tire rubber doesn't do well in warm weather in any case, studs or no studs. But I still manage to get two seasons, sometimes three, out of a good set of studded snows.
My curmudgeonly father is one of those who won't buy
any snow tire, much less studded ones, which is quite odd because he was one of the most ardent advocates of snow tires around when I first started driving. But when radials became commonplace, he bought into the "all-season radial" tire myth in such a big way that it recently had me shaking my head quite vigorously when the stubborn old man outdid even his usual standard of stubbornness.
What happened was that last year, one of my brothers had a company SUV that was nearing the end of its lease. My dad had always liked the car, it was in great condition, and it was a known quantity; so dad decided to buy it. But during the first winter, he didn't like the way it handled in the snow; and rather than buy a set of snow tires for it, he traded it in on an SUV that is
much bigger than he and mom need, burns
much more gas, and costs them a pretty sizable chunk of their pensions every month.
Now you have to understand that mom and dad live on the top of a mountain where they get an awful lot of snow, so you'd think if anyone would get snow tires, it would be my dad. But he absolutely refuses to do so. He got rid of a perfectly-good SUV rather than buy snow tires. I don't know what he'll do if the new car doesn't perform to his satisfaction in the snow, but I doubt that he'll buy snow tires.
For my part, I like snow tires; and because I live along a road with a fairly steep incline and tight turns that tends to refreeze when the temperature drops below 15F or so, I also like studs. There are few things worse than coming home on a cold night, being half a mile away from your house, and not being able to get there because the road has refrozen. If for no other reason than that last mile, the studded tires are worth having, at least in my opinion.
Oddly enough, dad approves of my snow tires -- not just my using them, but the specific tires. He's commented a number of times that they're "nice snow tires," and he agrees that I got a great deal on them. Part of the reason is probably because I happened to use his favorite mechanic to mount and balance them, and his mechanic commented that they were great snow tires and that I got a great deal on them by the time Discount Tire Direct, General Tire, and Car Care One all pitched in with their respective rebates. I think I paid something like $60.00 or $65.00 each for them by the time all was said and done.
So every time I stop by mom and dad's place, dad comes out to admire my General Altimax Arctic studded snow tires. But as much as he admires them, he won't even consider snow tires for his own ride. It's kind of puzzling to me, to be quite honest.
Rich