New PTS standards, in effect 6/2012

DPEs, that's a shame, you expect them to fill in what the CFI left undone.
Part of the problem, I think, is some of the DPE's out there. Particularly where schools have examiners 'on staff'. The CFI's are simply teaching to a particular examiner's standard. If the examiner wants to see it a certain way, that's how the CFI is going to teach the student.
 
The power-on stall (aka "takeoff/departure stall") should in most planes at lower altitudes be done with partial power (60-70%) rather than fulll throttle, in order to simulate the reduced power available at high density altitudes where most of these accidents occur. <snip>

However, if you do this, you must recover without adding power, since you're simulating having the throttle all the way in already.


Also, if you slow the plane to liftoff speed, and then add the power while pitching up to a climb attitude, you won't accelerate as much before drag overcomes thrust, and the stall will occur at a significantly lower attitude. Finally, the pitch rate must be pretty brisk, again, to decelerate more rapidly so the stall occurs at a lower pitch attitude.

The idea of the reduced power simulating high density altitude had previously escaped me. Those are really good points.
 
I disagree. 91.307(d) provides an exception from 91.307(c) for any required maneuver in training with a CFI.
Right -- required maneuver. And you are not required by the PTS to perform a power-on stall which exceeds 30 degrees of pitch before stalling.

The regulations say nothing about whether that maneuver was executed within conformity to the tolerances specified in the practical test standards. Example: If I'm flying with a student, and he uses excessive nose-down force in a stall recovery and the pitch attitude drops below 30 degrees, I'm not in violation of 91.307(c).
It says "intentional maneuver," not unintentional excursion. And while the regulation says "regulations," the PTS provides the specific guidance on compliance with the regulations in this regard. So, for example, intentionally doing 70-degree steep turns does not fall within the exception, nor does a 90-degree bank "Lazy 8," nor does a power-on stall where you exceed 30 degrees of pitch before the stall.

Likewise, if a student banks beyond 60 degrees in a commercial steep turn, I'm not in violation of 91.307(c).
You are if you allow it to happen and don't stop it immediately if it happens unintentionally.

At least that's my interpretation.
It may be that, but it's not what the regs say. If you have further doubts on this, I suggest contacting your local FSDO for more official guidance than I can provide.
 
The idea of the reduced power simulating high density altitude had previously escaped me. Those are really good points.
Thank you. If you read the accident reports, you'll see most takeoff/departure stall accidents with light singles occur in situations where the full throttle stall occurs at a much lower pitch attitude than would be experienced in most training, i.e., high DA and full gross load versus low DA and several hundred pounds below max gross. I have no doubt that many of those accident pilots were stunned when the plane stalled at a pitch attitude at which they usually were nowhere near stalling AoA. Another example of the importance of teaching that stalls can occur at any attitude/speed, and why having an AoA gauge would be such a good thing in light airplanes.
 
you'll see most takeoff/departure stall accidents with light singles occur in situations where the full throttle stall occurs at a much lower pitch attitude than would be experienced
Sooooo, what do you suggest doing to counter this?
 
With the STOL kit, power off... the airplane will just mush along in a huge decent rate with continuous buffeting and "singing" of the stall fences on top of the wing -- with the elevator locked full up. (I've wrapped my arms around the yoke in my lap and demonstrated this one for people.)

Power on, you can get a "break" out of it, but relaxing back pressure just a touch and it'll keep flying with appropriate rudder input. It won't be climbing, but it won't stay stalled easily. CHT will also rapidly climb and it's not nice to the engine at all.

That "full stall" requirement would be a PITA in my aircraft. You have to work pretty hard to stall it fully. :)

Most ASEL applicants won't be showing up to the test in something with a Robertson kit on it, though.
 
Sooooo, what do you suggest doing to counter this?

Go take a pilot passenger along on a training flight and bring the plane to max gross. Do partial power stalls to simulate high density altitude.

Sent from my ADR6300 using Tapatalk
 
DPEs, that's a shame, you expect them to fill in what the CFI left undone. With CFIs I'm not surprised. I flew with one PP candidate in her STOL cuffed 182 and asked her to show me slow flight; she slowed to 65. That was what her airline captain CFI was teaching her was slow flight. I showed her that the plane will fly at half that speed. I showed her how to land and stop looking at the VASI out front lol. Somebody got a great performing plane with that one. I did my night currency landings in it over the hills at DVT and using the first turn off with just 18-20 down the runway. The only 182 I flew that would do better had a canard on it.
My CFI taught slow flight with hearing the stall horn the entire time. As far as he was concerned, if you didn't hear at least a little whine from the horn then you weren't really slow. In the STOL equipped 172 I trained in, that was pretty freaking slow!

I now also have a STOL equipped 182. It is amazing how slow it can go and not fall out of the sky.
 
Do I need to know this stuff for my next flight review?
Flight review maneuvers are up to the instructor conducting the review, and the maneuvers to be performed and the standards to which they will be performed should be discussed by the instructor before the flight. Generally speaking, while it's nice for trainees to know what's in the PTS, the PTS is primarily for the instructor and examiner. If the instructor does his/her job right, there will be no need for the trainee to worry about the specifics in it.
 
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...and the PTS says to reduce power for the power-on stall if the attitude at stall will be excessive. So, if the pitch attitude will be excessive with full power, full power is not required by the PTS, and thus not covered by the exception in 91.307(c).
I would be careful with this interpretation.
The PTS is for testing, and some things have to be trained that are not tested.
The Flight Training handbook is also an official guide to training, and is referenced in the PTS with each flight maneuver.

Pilots should be trained to go to full stall and recover at full power in most airplanes. There could be some exceptions, but in our common GA market there aren't many. Really.

So, 91.307(d) gives exemption to training in stalls, regardless of the attitudes.
 
Sooooo, what do you suggest doing to counter this?

Learn how the plane feels at stall buffet and push forward when you feel that. Stall buffet will be similar feeling regardless of density altitude, even under G loading you'll still be able to recognize the buffet. If you fly the plane and every time you feel the buffet start you move the yoke forward a bit, you'll fly all your life and not stall an airplane. Amazing....
 
I would be careful with this interpretation.
The PTS is for testing, and some things have to be trained that are not tested.
The Flight Training handbook is also an official guide to training, and is referenced in the PTS with each flight maneuver.

Pilots should be trained to go to full stall and recover at full power in most airplanes. There could be some exceptions, but in our common GA market there aren't many. Really.

So, 91.307(d) gives exemption to training in stalls, regardless of the attitudes.

That's my take on it. But I've been wrong before! Honestly, though, I'm not going to worry myself over it one way or the other.
 
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Learn how the plane feels at stall buffet and push forward when you feel that. Stall buffet will be similar feeling regardless of density altitude, even under G loading you'll still be able to recognize the buffet. If you fly the plane and every time you feel the buffet start you move the yoke forward a bit, you'll fly all your life and not stall an airplane. Amazing....
Thanks!

(Maybe this piece of knowledge will enable me to get off the short bus!). :lol:
 
I doubt it, anyone that lives where water turns solid outside belongs on the short bus...
Ok, now I think it's safe to pull out the <whack Henning> smilie. :yesnod:

(Although, being a San Diegan at heart, I pretty much agree with you. This winter stuff is getting old and we didn't even have a winter this year). :nonod:
 
I would be careful with this interpretation.
The PTS is for testing, and some things have to be trained that are not tested.
The Flight Training handbook is also an official guide to training, and is referenced in the PTS with each flight maneuver.
However, the regulation only references the maneuvers required for certification.

Pilots should be trained to go to full stall and recover at full power in most airplanes. There could be some exceptions, but in our common GA market there aren't many. Really.
That's your opinion, not the PTS or the regulations.

So, 91.307(d) gives exemption to training in stalls, regardless of the attitudes.
Only if one accepts the idea that 91.307(d) means something other than what it actually says.
 
Only if one accepts the idea that 91.307(d) means something other than what it actually says.

If what you're saying is true, then could you explain to me what maneuvers 91.307(d) DOES apply to other than spins? The regulation is pretty clear that it applies to "spins and other flight maneuvers required."
 
Do I need to know this stuff for my next flight review?
Flight review maneuvers are up to the instructor conducting the review, and the maneuvers to be performed and the standards to which they will be performed should be discussed by the instructor before the flight. Generally speaking, while it's nice for trainees to know what's in the PTS, the PTS is primarily for the instructor and examiner. If the instructor does his/her job right, there will be no need for the trainee to worry about the specifics in it.
Ron's answer is correct for Geoffrey's question about a Flight Review. If, however, you are considering using Wings phases in lieu of a Flight Review, then yes, you will need to know this, as those rides are supposed to be judged against the PTS, not an instructor's arbitrary interpretation of "satisfactory."
 
Why someone would train a person in an airplane and not expose them to the maximum potential bite the plane may have is somewhat confusing to me. When I check myself out in a plane it is in the program to try to do a maximum power stall in that plane. I say try to because in some high horsepower unloaded applications you cannot effectively "stall the plane"* at full power as you can hang from the prop pretty well, especially with the 1820 powered planes. You do lose rudder though, so there is still a limitation/restriction in ability. I have nothing against doing stalls at lower power settings. In high HP applications I do a progressive build up through a series of 10 or 12 stalls which will also simulate various loads, but in the end, that last one, I'm gonna be at full throttle till I break or roll, one of the two. Before I put this plane to its job, I'm gonna know everything it has to give me.

EDIT* I know this is gonna bring out the semantics police. YES The air foil of the wing is stalled, however the airplane is not stalled because the propeller has taken over the lift duties. Problem is you can't do much in this condition but hang there.
 
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If what you're saying is true, then could you explain to me what maneuvers 91.307(d) DOES apply to other than spins? The regulation is pretty clear that it applies to "spins and other flight maneuvers required."
No, I can't. I really don't know of any maneuver other than spins which requires exceeding the 30 pitch/60 bank limits.
 
YES The air foil of the wing is stalled, however the airplane is not stalled because the propeller has taken over the lift duties. Problem is you can't do much in this condition but hang there.
I don't know of too many propeller-driven aircraft which have enough thrust for that to be true -- maybe a few of the unlimited aerobatic types. Certainly not anything anyone is using for PP or CP training.
 
I don't know of too many propeller-driven aircraft which have enough thrust for that to be true -- maybe a few of the unlimited aerobatic types. Certainly not anything anyone is using for PP or CP training.


Exactly, these are all highly specialized machines like the aerobatic performance planes; When an ag plane that is made to haul a 6000lb payload is flown light the performance can be impressive, especially when the design HP for the airframe has been doubled. The S2R with the 1820 is an impressive plane; the 750hp gear nose is pretty spiffy as well. For the record a Stinson 108-3 with a O-470 and prop from a 182 does a damned good impersonation of hanging and I'd love to try a Helio Courier.

Anything outside this kind of stuff, there should be no hesitation to demonstrate and teach a full power stall and no reason not to.
 
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Anything outside this kind of stuff, there should be no hesitation to demonstrate and teach a full power stall and no reason not to.
...as long as you're wearing a parachute, I guess. Tell you what -- when you get your CFI, you do just that with your trainees. I'll stick to teaching them what the book requires and what I think is likely to keep them from getting hurt and taking them up into some yahoo stalling maneuver where you're almost on your back before the plane stalls isn't on my list of things "likely to keep them from getting hurt."
 
...as long as you're wearing a parachute, I guess.


:confused: Why?

Sec. 91.307

Parachutes and parachuting.

[(a) No pilot of a civil aircraft may allow a parachute that is available for emergency use to be carried in that aircraft unless it is an approved type and has been packed by a certificated and appropriately rated parachute rigger--
(1) Within the preceding 180 days, if its canopy, shrouds, and harness are composed exclusively of nylon, rayon, or other similar synthetic fiber or materials that are substantially resistant to damage from mold, mildew, or other fungi and other rotting agents propagated in a moist environment; or
(2) Within the preceding 60 days, if any part of the parachute is composed of silk, pongee, or other natural fiber or materials not
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.]

(b) Except in an emergency, no pilot in command may allow, and no person may conduct, a parachute operation from an aircraft within the United States except in accordance with Part 105 of this chapter.
(c) Unless each occupant of the aircraft is wearing an approved parachute, no pilot of a civil aircraft carrying any person (other than a crewmember) may execute any intentional maneuver that exceeds--
(1) A bank of 60 degrees relative to the horizon; or
(2) A nose-up or nose-down attitude of 30 degrees relative to the horizon.
(d) Paragraph (c) of this section does not apply to--
(1) Flight tests for pilot certification or rating; or
(2) Spins and other flight maneuvers required by the regulations for any certificate or rating when given by--
(i) A certificated flight instructor; or
(ii) An airline transport pilot instructing in accordance with Sec. 61.67 of this chapter.
 
Now that's gonna really screw up alot of flight schools.....

It scares me if thats true. We would take every stall to full stall, as well we would give each PPL student an hour of spin training before we allowed him/her to take the check ride.
 
I don't know of too many propeller-driven aircraft which have enough thrust for that to be true -- maybe a few of the unlimited aerobatic types. Certainly not anything anyone is using for PP or CP training.

The Extra 300L and Pitts S2C both won't do this.
 
Are you saying a full power stall is not a maneuver taught in training for a rating?
I'm saying how the training should be conducted depends on the aircraft, although the real answer is that full power stalls are not taught because nobody does power-on stalls at sea level, which is the only altitude at which full power can be achieved in non-turbocharged aircraft.
 
I'm saying how the training should be conducted depends on the aircraft, although the real answer is that full power stalls are not taught because nobody does power-on stalls at sea level, which is the only altitude at which full power can be achieved in non-turbocharged aircraft.

That does not answer why they would require parachutes. Would you have someone do a stall in a Bonanza at 3500' with the power at max it will produce when checking someone out in their new Bonanza?
 
That does not answer why they would require parachutes. Would you have someone do a stall in a Bonanza at 3500' with the power at max it will produce when checking someone out in their new Bonanza?
If you're not going to read the thread above, there's no hope you'll read what I write now. : bye:
 
I'm saying how the training should be conducted depends on the aircraft, although the real answer is that full power stalls are not taught because nobody does power-on stalls at sea level, which is the only altitude at which full power can be achieved in non-turbocharged aircraft.

At what altitude do you practice stalls?

at 1 inch of mercury lost to 1 thousand feet of altitude how much horse power is lost at that altitude?

would it really make a difference?
 
At what altitude do you practice stalls?

at 1 inch of mercury lost to 1 thousand feet of altitude how much horse power is lost at that altitude?

would it really make a difference?

Depends on the airplane and the student/pilot.
 
If you're not going to read the thread above, there's no hope you'll read what I write now. : bye:

I read this:
In addition, if the pitch attitude will exceed 30 degrees at the stall, power must be reduced in order to comply with 14 CFR 91.307 and the PTS (unless you're wearing parachutes)
and I quoted 91.307 which clearly states that as not true.

You still didn't answer the Bo stall question, would you or would you not demonstrate and teach your student a stall at 3500' producing maximum power? What do you think your deck angle will be?
 
In addition, if the pitch attitude will exceed 30 degrees at the stall, power must be reduced in order to comply with 14 CFR 91.307 and the PTS (unless you're wearing parachutes).

Interesting, I would have thought 91.307(d)(2) would let you off the hook as the departure stall could be considered "other flight maneuvers required by the regulations for any certificate or rating".
 
At what altitude do you practice stalls?

at 1 inch of mercury lost to 1 thousand feet of altitude how much horse power is lost at that altitude?

would it really make a difference?

For a fast and fairly accurate guess, just figure you loose 3% power for every 1000 feet in altitude gain.......

If ya practice at 10,000 msl,, you are down 30% in power.. ie, 180 hp is now 126 hp... That is substantial and needs to be factored in for sure.....:yesnod:
 
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