I no longer enjoy access to the data or people, but I recall the total effect of tort on medical spending was closer to 6% or 7% per annum due to defensive medical costs and other external costs driven by tort actions. I could be mistaken, but I also recall the discussion back then was also driven by the average state of health in the US drove costs higher given other countries. I'm sure its still valid today, but one statistic I found interesting is that the US has more obese individuals than most other developed countries have total population. Regardless, having compared medical availability in several countries and my experience with the current ACA system here, I don't think the US system will get fixed until there are hard caps on tort costs and medical insurance providers are allowed to compete interstate vs the current intrastate.