How does a wasps' nest get into the venturi?

Frank

Pre-takeoff checklist
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Frank
An acquaintance of mine was the pilot in an accident. There was much that one might criticize about his actions leading up to the accident, but I was thinking about what might be the probable cause, a wasps' nest in the venturi. What I am curious about is how a wasps' nest got into the venturi, because I have questions whether the engine could have made sufficient power to take off had the nest been in the venturi during the run up to rotation. If the nest were outside the carburetor and got sucked into the venturi, that might explain some things, but then the question arises, how did the nest get into the air intake downstream of the filter, or did the pilot do something like use carb heat to bypass the filter. I also am wondering how a preflight might have been able to discover the wasps' nest.

You can read the report for yourself. The accident report can be found at:
http://www.ntsb.gov/aviationquery/brief.aspx?ev_id=20130718X44907&key=1
For convenience, I have pasted a copy below:

NTSB Identification: ERA13FA325
14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation
Accident occurred Thursday, July 18, 2013 in Laurel, MD
Aircraft: BEECH 23, registration: N2333Z
Injuries: 1 Serious.
This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. Any errors in this report will be corrected when the final report has been completed. NTSB investigators either traveled in support of this investigation or conducted a significant amount of investigative work without any travel, and used data obtained from various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.

On July 18, 2013, about 1000 eastern daylight time, a Beech 23, N2333Z, was substantially damaged after a loss of power when it struck a tree and terrain shortly after takeoff from Suburban Airport (W18), Laurel, Maryland. The private pilot was seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the personal flight operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91, destined for Gettysburg Regional Airport (W05), Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

According to the pilot the purpose of the flight was to deliver the airplane to its new owner who had purchased the airplane from him in September of 2012.

On the morning of the accident, the pilot awoke about 0830, and left for the airport. He arrived at W18 at approximately 0910. He then preflighted the airplane and visually checked the fuel. It was full of fuel as he had topped it off two days before, and "everything was normal". He selected the left tank before taxi, and prior to departure did an engine runup checking the engine for about 15 minutes. He did a "mag and mag drop" check and a "carb heat drop" check during the run-up and "both were normal".

Prior to departure he selected "one notch of flaps", and proceeded to takeoff from runway 03. Everything was normal until the airplane was over the end of the runway at approximately 250 feet when the engine suddenly lost power. The pilot switched tanks, and turned on the boost pump in an attempt to get the engine to run without result. He then maneuvered to the left, and then to the right. The last thing he remembered was seeing a gray house.

Post accident examination of the accident site revealed that the airplane had come to rest approximately a ½ mile from the departure end of runway 03. It initially made contact with a 40 foot tall pine tree, striking the tree approximately 24 feet above the base of the tree and fracturing the upper portion of the tree into two sections. The airplane then struck the northwest corner of a house separating the right wing from its mounting location. The airplane then continued forward approximately 70 feet, struck the west side of another house located across the street from the initial impact point with the tree, fracturing the fuselage just aft of the baggage door, and then coming to rest against the north side of the residence with the left wing penetrating the front of the house.

Examination of the wreckage did not reveal any preimpact malfunctions of the airplane or flight controls. Further examination of the wreckage however revealed that a red piece of cloth was visible inside the right cowling inlet. Further examination of the cloth revealed that it was the cloth jacketing from a foam filled cowl plug and that it along with the foam insert were protruding from, and blocking, the engine air intake. The engine compartment also contained the remains of bird's nests, and bird excrement, and during examination of the carburetor it was discovered that the venturi of the carburetor contained a golf ball sized wasp's nest that was partially blocking the carburetor air inlet.

According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records, the pilot held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land, and instrument airplane. He also held a repairman experimental aircraft builder certificate. His most recent application for a FAA third-class medical certificate was dated July 19, 2006. The pilot reported that he had accrued 3,571 total hours of flight experience.

According to FAA records the airplane was manufactured in 1962. The airplane's most recent annual inspection was completed on January 5, 1998. At the time of the accident, the airplane had accrued 4997.5 total hours of operation.
 
Can't tell you how it got there. I suspect it could have been found at one of the 15 annual inspections the operator of this aircraft decided to skip.


Just speculating: Some wasps like cavities, a hole in the air-filter or a gap in the filter box would be enough for the wasps to get in and out. A possible explanation why he made it off the ground would be that the nest was in the air-cleaner box, dislodged sometime after takeoff and got stuck in the Venturi.
 
Can't tell you how it got there. I suspect it could have been found at one of the 15 annual inspections the operator of this aircraft decided to skip.


Just speculating: Some wasps like cavities, a hole in the air-filter or a gap in the filter box would be enough for the wasps to get in and out. A possible explanation why he made it off the ground would be that the nest was in the air-cleaner box, dislodged sometime after takeoff and got stuck in the Venturi.

I'm guessing he didn't have a ferry permit to fly an airplane 15 years out of annual?? Hopefully that is a mistake in the records, I can see one that had an annual expire the month before, maybe.:dunno: But, 15 years is pushing it! :mad2:
 
When a mommy wasp and a daddy wasp love each other they....
 
I'm guessing he didn't have a ferry permit to fly an airplane 15 years out of annual?? Hopefully that is a mistake in the records, I can see one that had an annual expire the month before, maybe.:dunno: But, 15 years is pushing it! :mad2:

And it is the reason for the A&P inspection prior to flight on a ferry permit.
 
OK- perhaps the wasps got in there years ago, but it is also possible that they got in there in the last few months. Certainly, there was some point in time when the wasps' nest could have been there between annual inspections. Does anyone have any ideas how a preflight could catch a wasps' nest between the air filter and carb?
 
OK- perhaps the wasps got in there years ago, but it is also possible that they got in there in the last few months. Certainly, there was some point in time when the wasps' nest could have been there between annual inspections. Does anyone have any ideas how a preflight could catch a wasps' nest between the air filter and carb?

Depends on how easily the air filter comes off.
 
Had it happen to me in my Cherokee. The mud daubers nest was built in the carb heat muff. Broke loose and slid down the scat tube onto the top of the carb heat flapper valve on run-up. Migrated to the filtered induction side of the flapper valve when it was returned to normal. No effect on run up. Undetectable. Full power air flow was enough to suck it up into the venturi on attempted take off. Aborted takeoff. Getting sucked up into the venturi happened intermittently, apparently depending on how the nest was lying in the air stream. Some of the wonderful experts on this board couldn't believe I had not been able to detect it and thought that I was horrible deficient someway in letting it happen.
 
Had it happen to me in my Cherokee. The mud daubers nest was built in the carb heat muff. Broke loose and slid down the scat tube onto the top of the carb heat flapper valve on run-up. Migrated to the filtered induction side of the flapper valve when it was returned to normal. No effect on run up. Undetectable. Full power air flow was enough to suck it up into the venturi on attempted take off. Aborted takeoff. Getting sucked up into the venturi happened intermittently, apparently depending on how the nest was lying in the air stream. Some of the wonderful experts on this board couldn't believe I had not been able to detect it and thought that I was horrible deficient someway in letting it happen.
I do not think you were deficient, because as yet no one seems to know how to ensure there is no wasps' nest in the air intake system. There seem to me to be two ways of doing that- first, somehow to detect the nest on preflight, and as yet I do not know anyone who routinely remove the air filter on preflight inspections, or second, to prevent the wasps from building their nests in the first place. I don't know of any screen that would be effective. Does anyone know of any insecticide that would work?
 
OK- perhaps the wasps got in there years ago, but it is also possible that they got in there in the last few months. Certainly, there was some point in time when the wasps' nest could have been there between annual inspections. Does anyone have any ideas how a preflight could catch a wasps' nest between the air filter and carb?

If I have wasp nests around the house, the tipoff is usually the wasps coming and going.

Sure, the wasp nest could have just been built in the 3 weeks before the flight, and maybe it was dislodged by a meteor strike. But maybe, just maybe this was the result of a plane in poor maintenance status flown by a pilot who couldn't be bothered with following the rules (not only when it came to maintenance but also his medical).
 
If I have wasp nests around the house, the tipoff is usually the wasps coming and going.

Sure, the wasp nest could have just been built in the 3 weeks before the flight, and maybe it was dislodged by a meteor strike. But maybe, just maybe this was the result of a plane in poor maintenance status flown by a pilot who couldn't be bothered with following the rules (not only when it came to maintenance but also his medical).
I am not defending the pilot, as it is clear to me that he was definitely not doing all he could to keep safe. Oddly enough, all has shortcomings may not have been the proximate cause of the accident, but that is not the issue for me. I am trying to figure out if I can improve my preflight to avoid a similar accident on an otherwise well-maintained plane. As far as how it was dislodged, it seems obvious to me that it was dislodged by the full throttle air flow. I have never seen wasps' nests just bouncing around. They are usually attached to something. It is pretty clear to me that you did not need a meteor to dislodge the nest.

What is not certain in my view is that even an annual inspection would have caught the nest. Even an annual inspection or 100 hour inspection does not automatically check the interior of the air induction system unless called for by manufacturer's guidance, although it seems likely to me that the guidance would have called for the cleaning or replacement of the filter, and if the wasps' nest was there, it would have been found. If the nest were somewhere else, such as in the carb heat ducting, maybe not.

See http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-id...w=text&node=14:1.0.1.3.21.0.363.14.56&idno=14 The only screens that must be inspected are those internal to the engine. I think a good inspection might have caught the nest, but I am not 100% certain of that.
 
I went to the Arlington fly in a few years back. I woke up in the tent the next morning to the chirpping of baby starlings spread out around the tent. They'd made the trip in their nest in the airbox of the Warrior parked beside me.

A ****ty airfilter and the wasps are in there in no time flat. It should be checked at annual for deterioration, I believe a pull with a pair of pliers tells the entire story.
 
Oddly enough, all has shortcomings may not have been the proximate cause of the accident, but that is not the issue for me.

I have made the same argument before when this accident was discussed. It was not the lack of a piece of paper that brought down the plane, it was the poor maintenance status.

I am trying to figure out if I can improve my preflight to avoid a similar accident on an otherwise well-maintained plane.
A very careful inspection of the engine compartment tends to show a lot. I have found mud-dauber nests on my exhaust and pieces of straw and twigs as early signs of nest building activity. The fact that your acquaintance missed bird-****, a birds-nest and the presence of cowl-plugs suggests that whatever pre-flight of the engine compartment he performed must have been rather cursory.
So if you are asking how YOU can reduce your risk of something like this happening: Do a good pre-flight. Yes, you may miss the dirt-daubers that built a nest in your fuel vent, but you won't miss a set of cowl-plugs.

It is pretty clear to me that you did not need a meteor to dislodge the nest.
This was a admittedly rather obtuse reference to pilots willigness to look for complicated explanations of accidents when a simple one will usually do.

What is not certain in my view is that even an annual inspection would have caught the nest. Even an annual inspection or 100 hour inspection does not automatically check the interior of the air induction system unless called for by manufacturer's guidance, although it seems likely to me that the guidance would have called for the cleaning or replacement of the filter, and if the wasps' nest was there, it would have been found.
Well, the induction system up to the carburetor is part of the airframe. Servicing is described in the POH for the plane. I dont have a BE23 POH, but the current manual for my A36 states for inspections that the filter should be removed every 50 hours or any time the aircraft has been stored.

So yes, had the plane undergone a 100hr inspection or a pre-ferry instruction, the filter should have been pulled and the induction system inspected.
Btw. it's not only the wasps that like cavities to put stuff:

http://youtu.be/cZkAP-CQlhA





(the reason I take this crash personal is that it happened close enough to my house that I had to hear about it over dinner :mad: )
 

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I've had wasps in my pitot and static systems, so they don't need a very big hole. It also doesn't take very long. It doesn't even take a rural airport. The one in the 172 pitot occurred in the middle of the concrete desert which is Washington Dulles. Margy was flying and shortly after breaking ground the ASI dropped to zero. We were on our way to Oshkosh and stopped at the next airport to have it blow it out. Relating the story at Friar Tucks the guy on the bar stool next to me tells me he has an alternate pitot in the cockpit. Margy kicked me before I could ask him how fast the air in the cockpit was moving.

A little less surprising was the one in the static that I picked up when my plane was grounded at VKX for five weeks after 9/11. That was a grass parking spot and in the woods (Like Suburban) and I'd get birds roosting in my tail as well. The amusing part on that one was the log book entry from the mechanic that blew it out said it was a "Doober".
 
(the reason I take this crash personal is that it happened close enough to my house that I had to hear about it over dinner :mad: )
I also heard about it, although before the news, because I belong to the yahoo groups for W18 and EAA 4. BTW- I have a couple of friends, who were ski instructors with me at Liberty, who keep planes at VKX (Mike and Larry). I also joined the VKX yahoo group- I really appreciate the manger's attitude.
 
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