few examples of the research:
Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication
A M Williamsona, Anne-Marie Feyerb
+ Author Affiliations
aSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, bNew Zealand Occupational and Environmental Health Research Centre, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Dr A M
Williamsona.williamson@unsw.edu.au
Accepted 15 June 2000
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the relative effects on performance of sleep deprivation and alcohol.
METHODS Performance effects were studied in the same subjects over a period of 28 hours of sleep deprivation and after measured doses of alcohol up to about 0.1% blood alcohol concentration (BAC). There were 39 subjects, 30 employees from the transport industry and nine from the army.
RESULTS After 17–19 hours without sleep, corresponding to 2230 and 0100, performance on some tests was equivalent or worse than that at a BAC of 0.05%. Response speeds were up to 50% slower for some tests and accuracy measures were significantly poorer than at this level of alcohol. After longer periods without sleep, performance reached levels equivalent to the maximum alcohol dose given to subjects (BAC of 0.1%).
CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the evidence that the fatigue of sleep deprivation is an important factor likely to compromise performance of speed and accuracy of the kind needed for safety on the road and in other industrial settings.
another excellent study:
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 August 15; 174(4): 446–454.
Published online 2006 May 11. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200408-1146OC
PMCID: PMC2648121
Impaired Performance in Commercial Drivers
Role of Sleep Apnea and Short Sleep Duration
Allan I. Pack, Greg Maislin, Bethany Staley, Frances M. Pack, William C. Rogers,* Charles F. P. George, and David F. Dinges
In conclusion, there are daytime neurobehavioral performance impairments that are found commonly in commercial drivers, and these are more likely among those with durations of average sleep less than 5 h/night and those with severe obstructive sleep apnea. These results suggest that strategies employed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to reduce sleepiness, and potentially crash risk, in commercial drivers include plans to (1) develop and implement approaches to identify “impaired” drivers by objective testing, (2) implement and ensure quality programs to identify and treat individuals with severe sleep apnea as well as monitor adherence to therapy, and (3) introduce approaches to assess and promote increased sleep durations among commercial drivers.
I would invite you to look at the entire study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648121/
here is a further list of research articles cited in the above work, granted most of these relate to driving incidents but that, with a much larger population of drivers then pilots is where the problem has been most pronounced.
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