Dan Thomas
Touchdown! Greaser!
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- Jun 16, 2008
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Dan Thomas
That drain valve would be OK if the tank nipple wasn't sticking out so far. Either the nipple has been replaced (welded in) with a longer one, or the rubber support bumpers in the tank bay have all rotted away and dropped the tank. That is the most likely scenario, since most guys ignore Cessna's recommendation that the top covers over the tanks come off every 1000 hours or three years for inspection of those bumpers and the tank straps. I have often found the bumpers gone entirely and the aluminum hat sections under the tank eating into that thin aluminum, and the straps doing the same thing or broken altogether. And the correct valve is a flush valve:
Sometimes you have to adjust those wing spar eccentrics (the things you guys called cams) all the way opposite each other to get the thing to fly level. Few fuselages came out of the jigs in perfect alignment, and damage repair usually results in more misalignment. If a wing has ever been rebuilt without the proper holding fixture and great care taken in setting washout, it won't fly nicely.
But, first, the pilot needs to isolate the cause of wing heaviness. Make sure the turn coordinator or turn and bank instrument is level with the airplane's lateral axis. A ball that's half-off when the airplane is level is useless. There are slotted holes in the panel for adjustment and the thing can easily be installed cockeyed if the mechanic doesn't watch it. In flight, hold the airplane level with the ailerons, feet off the rudder pedals, and see if the ball is centered. If so, the wings are off. If the ball is off, the rudder is out of rig. Hold the airplane level with the rudder only and see if the ball is off to confirm wing heaviness.
When those eccentrics are adjusted, the aft spar moves up and down and also in and out. The in-and-out messes with the flap and aileron control cable tensions, so they need rerigging, too.
Rigging the rudder starts with rigging the nosewheel steering. Almost every Cessna 100-series I encounter for the first time has been misrigged because the mechanic didn't read the manual. Same with ailerons and flaps: read that manual and follow it. You cannot rig out wing heaviness with ailerons, either. It doesn't work. Rigging an aileron down just results in up-force on the aileron travelling though the system and pulling the other aileron down.
Ailerons that have been squeezed so that they have a concave skin will misbehave, too. They don't want to fly where they should. The concavity acts like a trim tab.
These are OLD airplanes. Like any unrestored old vehicle, you will find stuff way off. Worn stuff. Corroded stuff. Rotted stuff. Misadjusted stuff. Why are so many new owners so surprised when such stuff turns up in such old machines? And why are they so surprised that the previous owners were as cheap as they are?
Sometimes you have to adjust those wing spar eccentrics (the things you guys called cams) all the way opposite each other to get the thing to fly level. Few fuselages came out of the jigs in perfect alignment, and damage repair usually results in more misalignment. If a wing has ever been rebuilt without the proper holding fixture and great care taken in setting washout, it won't fly nicely.
But, first, the pilot needs to isolate the cause of wing heaviness. Make sure the turn coordinator or turn and bank instrument is level with the airplane's lateral axis. A ball that's half-off when the airplane is level is useless. There are slotted holes in the panel for adjustment and the thing can easily be installed cockeyed if the mechanic doesn't watch it. In flight, hold the airplane level with the ailerons, feet off the rudder pedals, and see if the ball is centered. If so, the wings are off. If the ball is off, the rudder is out of rig. Hold the airplane level with the rudder only and see if the ball is off to confirm wing heaviness.
When those eccentrics are adjusted, the aft spar moves up and down and also in and out. The in-and-out messes with the flap and aileron control cable tensions, so they need rerigging, too.
Rigging the rudder starts with rigging the nosewheel steering. Almost every Cessna 100-series I encounter for the first time has been misrigged because the mechanic didn't read the manual. Same with ailerons and flaps: read that manual and follow it. You cannot rig out wing heaviness with ailerons, either. It doesn't work. Rigging an aileron down just results in up-force on the aileron travelling though the system and pulling the other aileron down.
Ailerons that have been squeezed so that they have a concave skin will misbehave, too. They don't want to fly where they should. The concavity acts like a trim tab.
These are OLD airplanes. Like any unrestored old vehicle, you will find stuff way off. Worn stuff. Corroded stuff. Rotted stuff. Misadjusted stuff. Why are so many new owners so surprised when such stuff turns up in such old machines? And why are they so surprised that the previous owners were as cheap as they are?