Why do airline pilots deserve to sit home and get paid so much when so many others were furloughed or laid off back in April?
It has nothing to do with what airline employees do, or don't, deserve. It's about maintaining a viable air travel system.
When an airline downsizes, they displace excess pilots down the seat/aircraft heiarchy. Some 777 Captains become 767 Captains, some 767 Captains become narrow-body Captains, many narrow-body Captains become wide-body FOs, many wide-body FOs become narrow-body FOs and many narrow-body FOs are finally furloughed.
For a large network carrier that is many thousands of training cycles. Unless a pilot has recently been qualified in the position to which he is being displaced, the training cycle takes about two months each. The largest airlines have the training capability to run several hundred of these training cycles simultaneously.
The depressed demand is expected to be relatively short-term with a rapid recovery toward previous levels once the crisis passes. At that point, airlines have to reverse the above process to retrain everyone back into the higher categories to make room for the returning furloughs and, eventually, new-hires.
The legislators who passed the CARES Act believed that it was in the national interest to maintain a basic level of service now and to facilitate the ability to rapidly return toward per-COVID levels when demand returns. In about a month, the CARES Act funding expires, and with it, the requirement for airlines to maintain that basic level of service and the prohibition on involuntary job cuts. Airlines will be free to dramatically reduce schedules and eliminate service to cities with low demand and to furlough many thousands of employees. If that happens, it will significantly impact the industries ability to ramp back up if an effective vaccine is deployed.
It's a trade off. Nobody knows the right answer as nobody knows when the crisis will end and and how quickly travel demand will return.