Really now, where can I learn more?
The medical requirements for CFI / Light Sport are the same as for Sport Pilot. Basically, you have to have a state driver's license, abide by any restrictions on the license (eyeglasses, etc.), and not fly when you're unfit to fly. You're also
advised to discuss with your physician whether it's safe to fly with any of the myriad conditions that would otherwise be disqualifying.
There are people who like adding stuff on to those requirements, but
this is what the FAA says. It's vague, perhaps intentionally so; and if you call the FAA for clarification, they'll advise you to talk to your doctor about it.
HOWEVER...
If you apply for a medical and are denied, you can no longer exercise SP or CFI/LS privileges. This is why people are telling you to make sure you have all your ducks in a row before you even fill out the (virtual) form. You don't want to do anything until you are as sure as you can possibly be that you will pass.
So don't fill out any forms.
For what it's worth, I think mild Asperger's is an asset in any job that requires concentration. Most of the best IT people I've ever met have been Aspies. But I also think a lot of kids who are just extraordinarily focused wind up with that diagnosis, incorrectly. We're too quick to label kids who don't fit the mold as being abnormal in some way.
ADHD is always disqualifying, but most childhood ADHD diagnoses are bogus. FAA knows that and will give weight to a cog screen. ASD is more subjective and a high hurdle, but not impossible. Cochlear implants shouldn't be an issue but may require a medical checkride. I think I read that somewhere before, anyway.
So is it worth getting the ball rolling? Well, it's certainly worth trying if you want to fly. Just don't fill out any forms until you're sure you're going to pass. Talk to one of the AME's here, be honest with them, and consider their advice. But don't fill out any forms.
Good luck.
Rich
PS: Don't fill out any forms.