Right now, we're using an Ozark Trails 'cheapo' 3-4 person tent. We will be upgrading soon to a better design, though. The tent we have now has so much of the top screened that I won't use it in 'public' without the rain-fly on. Unfortunately, the rain fly is so tight that no air can get in. I like the tents that have screened 'windows' that you can unzip partially for air circulation and still provide some sort of privacy. I place another vote in favor of a tarp/sheet plastic to go under the tent. Keeps thing from getting moist if sleeping on grass and makes tent tear-down much less of a hassle.
We carry one sleeping bag (X-long: I'm 6'7" tall) and a sheet and blanket. Instead of the egg-shell bedding, we use the 'self-inflating' bed mats. They roll up pretty small, and provide about 1-2" of padding. We put the bed mats down, split the sleeping bag on top of that, and use the blanket/sheets as necessary. Two sleeping bags just take up too much room for us. We haven't camped in cold weather yet, though. The bed mats are REALLY light and don't take up a ton of space.
We have a Coleman two-burner cook stove that runs on small propane bottles, but we haven't used it yet. Not sure if propane would travel well if you're planning on climbing very high enroute.
First aid kit!
Instead of the gas lantern, we have a Coleman battery operated flourescent lamp that works well enough for us. One set of batteries will definitely last us through a long weekend and we don't have to mess with white gas or propane.
Plastic garbage bags, plastic garbage bags, plastic garbage bags. They can be ponchos, seats for wet ground, dirty clothes hamper, or....... oh yeah hold garbage.
String and rope. Who knows when you'll need 'em. But if you have some, you'll be sure to NOT need it.
That's really all the of the 'main' stuff I can think of. The rest of the stuff you'll have to experience and add to a long-running "Next time we will..." list.
Oh yeah... Check out
http://www.adventurepilot.com for some decent write-ups about camping destinations.
Good luck and have fun!!
-Chris