I've called 911 quite a few times from cell phones, usually to report traffic accidents / injuries if I'm the first one to stop and help. It seems that the calls go directly to the police jurisdiction of the cell phone's current location. At least, that's who answers, and there's never been a delay.
On one or two occasions when I was close to a municipal border, my calls have gone through to the adjacent jurisdictions (for example, a call might get connected to NYC PD when I am actually in the western part of Nassau County). But the calls have been transferred to the proper operator within seconds of providing actual location information.
The most interesting call was when I called 911 by accident once. I was sitting on the stoop and had my keys in my pocket with the phone, and I guess a key held the "9" key down. Within a few minutes, the police showed up at my door to make sure everything was all right. They told me they'd received a 911 call from my phone. When I took it out, sure enough, it was in "Emergency" mode.
The reason it was odd is that my cell phone is a prepaid, with a nickname on record rather then my actual name, and no listed address. I guess they tracked it via GPS.
-Rich