There are some limitations in a C-150 for IFR. It takes a while to get anywhere; range and IFR reserves are limited by the 22.5-gallon fuel capacity; panel space and weight considerations limit the amount of avionics and other equipment; very few 150s have autopilot; and ATC might get impatient with your rate of climb and approach speeds. If you can live with those limitations, there's no reason you couldn't fly IFR in a 150 as much as any other similarly-equipped light single.
Disclaimer: I got my instrument rating, and happily flew IFR for years thereafter, in a C-150E with a single 90-channel navcom and a marker beacon receiver; no glide slope, no ADF, no autopilot, no DME, no transponder, and decades before GPS became available. That was in Southern California where most of the IFR flying was a matter of popping up and down through thin marine overcast decks, or on cloudless but smoggy days under three mile visibility. It was a blast.
That said, you might find a more capable IFR platform in a similar price range, in something like a Cherokee 140 or Beech Musketeer Sport.