Let me start off with...I was 300% sure that I would like flying because I was around it enough to know. We purposely bought a fixed gear 182 so that I could learn in it and that the 4 of us (wife, daughter, dog and myself) could fly places together. So here is my advice:
Figure out your medical. This is really, really important. The last thing you want to do is go through all the hassles of buying a plane and then find out you can't get a 3rd class medical. At the same time do not rush. If you have even a single question on the MedXpress form come back here. You can answer yes to just a thing or two and kill all hopes of flying.
Find a way:
be sure you want to fly enough to own. Get some rides. Find a couple of flight schools or FBO's. Find one with Archers or Cherokees. Find one with 172's or 150's. And find one with Diamond if you can. Get a log book. Get an hour in each and think about which one you find the most comfortable and would want to learn in. This might cost a bit over $200/hr for each light but it will be money very well spent.
At this point
you may be a little less sure about flying which should make you even less sure about ownership. If this is the case, spend the $7K-$12K and just rent and do your Private Pilot (PPL) lessons at the school with the plane and instructor that you liked.
Okay you made it here...you are hooked and you want to buy and learn in your own plane. If you like low wings I would search out a Dakota/Pathfinder. Its fixed gear but 235HP and can haul everything you have listed. If you like high wings search out and find a older Cessna 182 (Skylane). For either, try and set you budget around $85K or less. Have at least $7K set aside for the first annual. These two planes are selling kind of high right now but they will also re-sell easily later on. You are just too new at this to buy a run motor so try find something with between 10%...50% of TBO. At this price range they won't have the best avionics but it will be good enough and you will have $$,$$$ to spare for upgrades. You just might like this plane enough that it will be your last plane. Since avionics are pretty important, favor the older plane with newer avionics if possible. If the avionics are old, then favor one that has been recently painted and/or interior upgraded...each of these categories are $$,$$$$. And you may be surprised that some of these 35-60yr old planes are still in darned good shape with less than 2000hrs and you just might be able to live with the 70's colors and interiors in favor of modern avionics
When it comes time to buy you are going to need to have some beginning of a relationship with a A&P and you will need to figure out parking/hangar. The hangar thing can be a huge PITA. Your goal is to have great A&P that will look out for you on the pre-buy. Another option might be to use a broker. Not sure if they will play at these older ages and lower prices vs turbines and $500K planes.
Often the first annual will run you between 4%...10% of the purchase price. So that is why I said budget $85K for the plane and another $7K for the first annual.
You also need to find a instructor (CFI) that you will gel with
and someone that will respect your plane. They are out there. Some really like sitting in a more spacious cabin (182) or like having the extra power and cruise speed of a Dakota. And both of these are great IFR platforms so you might continue on with that instructor (CFII) for your instrument rating.
Then learn in your plane. Yes, the first lessons will beat it up a bit but the gear on 182's and Dakota's are solid. And you just might find a plane with less than 1500hrs that has hardly been broken in yet.
Please note:
training in your plane will not necessarily save you a ton of money. If a 172 rents wet for $150/hr you will chuckle and say my Dakota/Skylane only needs 11.5gph or about $65/hr to fly. But you should also put away about $30/hr for the motor rebuild fund and you are now at $100/hr and haven't talked insurance or hangar rental or financing fees.
Dogs: Our 70lb golden retriever just jumps right in the plane. We never let him sit up front as a dog near the controls would be high risk (my opinion only) so he just curls up on the back seat or on the floor. I think he could jump into the Skylane baggage door but its a bit small. And he wouldn't want to be back there anyway. He is part of our crew and rides with us
Good luck. You might like this flying thing even more than you can imagine. That old Skylane/Dakota might serve you well for years with no loans or big surprises. Or maybe you'll fly it 200hrs and upgrade to a super comfortable SR20 or something. You won't take much of a loss moving up from planes like those.
I would think if you had time and could budget in a league more like $300K+ you would find a Cirrus and start there. Maybe that number could be smaller but just my opinion.
Ask more questions. I suspect the consensus will be to get your PPL first and then become an owner. Most do it that way. Nothing wrong with that, especially knowing you won't really save that much anyway.
Get out to those airports. Start talking to instructors, sitting in planes and learning more about this ridiculous addiction.