In fact, out of the vive ways an instructor can renew, only the FIRC is the one that seemingly has a "redundant" ground instruction portion.
Hey! Maybe I can actually get something right today... or at least be helpful...
There's way more than five ways to renew...
These are in
61.197: (You're right, there's five listed there, but it's the modern FAA and stuff has to be ridiculously scattered across multiple documents now! haha...)
1. Practical Test - for any CFI rating.
2.80% pass (4/5) on 5 candidates.
3. Serving as a "a company check pilot, chief flight instructor, company check airman, or flight instructor in a part 121 or part 135 operation, or in a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots." (24 months)
4. FIRC
5. Military IP or pilot examiner proficiency check.
(Reg says 24 months - AC 61-65H says 12...ARGH, damnit FAA editors, pay attention.)
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AC 61-91J: (WINGS is so unloved it doesn't even get mentioned in the actual regs... sad.)
" Instructors are eligible to renew their flight instructor certificate through participation in WINGS. The holder of a current flight instructor certificate, who serves as a flight instructor in the FAA’s WINGS program, may renew his or her certificate in accordance with the following criteria, which is contained in the current edition of FAA Order 8900.1, Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS), Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 11. That certificated flight instructor (CFI) must: (1) Hold a flight instructor certificate that has not expired, (2) Hold a current phase of WINGS (at any level) at the time of application, (3) Have evaluated at least 15 WINGS-accredited flight activities (any level) during which the CFI evaluates at least five different pilots, and make appropriate endorsements in the logbook of each pilot for each activity, (4) Present a record to an aviation safety inspector (ASI) showing that the CFI has met the requirements of subparagraph 6e(3) above within the preceding 24 calendar-months before the month of application for renewal of his or her flight instructor certificate, and (5) Present a completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application Supplemental Information and Instructions, to an authorized person for renewal of his or her flight instructor certificate."
TL;DR version: Current CFI, One WINGS level current, 15 WINGS flight activities, 5 pilots.
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Gold Seal Instructor Initial Issuance: Various places say this one gets you renewed, but as best as I can tell, it's in a bureaucratic way. Since it's an initial issuance of a "new" CFI certificate, it counts under 61.197. I can find no FAA reference for this other than that assumption and folks saying it works.
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And then there's the total mess one...
"Master CFI" from various orgs, after the NAFI/SAFE/**WHATEVER** blow up/disaster a decade ago.
Still a valid way, but bleh... CFI's bickering... and suing each other over intellectual property... yadda yadda...
NAFI Master CFI earns automatic renewal: (FAA authorization letter from 2009 linked on their website):
https://www.nafinet.org/assets/mastercfifiles/NAFI FAA Authorization Letter 2009.pdf
Same thing with the spin off from SAFE or initial IP holders or whatever the hell:
http://www.masterinstructors.org/cfi-renewal-option/
http://www.masterinstructors.org/wp-content/uploads/TCO-MICEP.pdf
* Many claim renewal of the various Master CFI things counts to renew the CFI ticket again. But I can find no FAA reference for this. YMMV.
** The whole NAFI/SAFE thing is embarassing to the profession. Don't get me started.
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And the murky one:
An inspector at a FSDO may renew any CFI certificate based upon "duties and responsibilities within the FSDO's jurisdiction". But most FSDOs won't do this anymore. It's really just an offshoot of the check pilot/airman thing, but long ago many FSDOs included being a 121 *Captain* (for example) as "regularly evaluation of pilots", the First Officer. Nobody reporting they're being quite that nice anymore at any FSDO I've seen.
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Attending an FAA CFI Workshop - this is NOT technically an FIRC but may (at FAA's discretion) be a renewal option. Not held often in most areas. Usually once a year at best.
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Wheeeeee... CFI renewals...
If anyone knows of actual FAA docs referring to any of the ones mentioned as not having one -- feel free to post and I'll edit this and credit you. Or, got any more? Hahaha...
(EDIT: Already forgot one, FAA Sponsored CFI Workshops. Added.)