Forgetting to switch tanks

I use the analog clock in my panel to determine which tank to be on. If the minute hand is on the right side I use the right tank, if the minute hand is on the left side I use the left tank. After a while on a XC you can feel it in the yoke when it is time to switch as the airplane come out of trim slightly.
 
When I wanted to calibrate some ways of determining how much fuel I had, I ran one take until the engine sputtered. Close enough to no usable fuel for me. :D
Unusable fuel is defined as that fuel that won't reach the engine in the most critical attitude. So if you have to abort a landing and go to Vx to clear the powerlines, will there be enough fuel in the tank to avoid unporting with the nose high like that? Or is your power-off, full-flap glide attitude steep enough to unport? The Cessna 150 is bad for that.

The TCDS lists unusable fuel, and it's considerably more than what you're left with when running a tank dry in cruise.
 
Unusable fuel is defined as that fuel that won't reach the engine in the most critical attitude. So if you have to abort a landing and go to Vx to clear the powerlines, will there be enough fuel in the tank to avoid unporting with the nose high like that? Or is your power-off, full-flap glide attitude steep enough to unport? The Cessna 150 is bad for that.
You can't switch tanks in a 150. The thing only has an on-off fuel selector (like the Navion :)).

My aux tanks don't have any unusable fuel (or perhaps it is all unusable). They're placarded for level flight only and you can draw them empty.
 
When I wanted to calibrate some ways of determining how much fuel I had, I ran one take until the engine sputtered. Close enough to no usable fuel for me. :D
That doesn't tell you that you weren't sucking unusuable fuel. When I calibrated my fuel gauges worked my way from full tanks down to what the manufacturer claimed the usable fuel was. (39.5 gallons).
 
Two kinds of pilots: those who have, and those who will.

There have been several recent fatal accidents in our area that appear caused by this. Engine quits at night at pattern altitude. Pilot ducks his head to switch the tank without trimming for best glide. Airplane nose dives into the ground.

So if your "friend" took care of business, call that a win, and keep at the constant improvement.
 
I use an Apple Watch with a 30 minute repeating timer on vibrate mode.

Now my only problem is remembering to start the timer in the first place.
 
My IFD440 automatically starts a time on takeoff. I also set a timer on foreflight.

Now, the time goes off in my head before either of those two do.
 
I routinely run my aux tanks dry.
3 or 4 times by accident. the rest have been intentional
 
In the mid 80's I accidentally ran the aux tanks dry on a pre-employment ride in a C310. I quickly changed to the mains and got the engines running without losing altitude. Guess I did good because the Chief Pilot hired me. He hired me again several years later to fly a Citation. We are still friends even though I have not worked for him in 17 years.
 
Once in a PA-28. I was doing practice approaches. I planned to switch tanks at the IAF. Reaching the IAF, I heard a friend on the radio and my thought was “I need to return the wrench that I borrowed” instead of switching tanks. It sputtered after turning inbound on the approach. I was kind of getting into test pilot mode with my RV-14 at the time, so I reacted quickly and accurately (pump, mixture, change tank) faster than I truly realized the tank was empty. It came right back to life. I bet I would be a lot slower now that I’m a little rusty on all the emergencies I had been chair flying in my half-built airplane every day.

Several times in a C310. The fuel selectors on each side are main, aux, crossfeed, and off. The crossfeed is from the other main tank. So if you lose an engine, any remaining aux fuel on that side of the plane is unusable. Many folks run the aux tanks as near to dry as they can to minimize the unusable fuel they carry into an engine failure emergency. Sometimes, that leads to a noisily sputtering engine and yawing airplane. Sleeping passengers do not enjoy this one bit.

Nobody is perfect. Your friend doesn’t have to hang up his spurs just yet. He should at least try to keep flying until the pickleball craze dies down a bit and the options outside aviation improve, or at least get better names.
 
My current airplane has an audio warning when it gets down to 5 or 10 gallons, "Fuel Low!"
So, another tool if you can find a way to get one for your plane.
I have no idea how my airplane does this, there is some type of electronics hooked into the fuel system.
I have not even seen anything in the documentation on this yet.
The fuel gauges are accurate to ~ one gallon; capacitance type inputs.
 
In case anyone's forgotten: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_173

I'm not posting this to be funny, but rather that if it's possible to run out of fuel with 3 professional crew members, it's possible for anyone. That was 1978, before CRM was a thing and if memory is right one of the reasons it became a thing. Tragic story all the way around.

In a PA-28 I try to plan my tank switches on the half hour, except that I like to take off on the left tank if they're even. I check the tanks visually every single time as part of the pre-flight, even if I just watched someone else fill or check the tank. I want it to remain automatic behavior for me. I like to plan local trips so even if I don't switch tanks I'm good. I don't depend on the fuel gauges working, but I have them as part of my scan, to give me a warning if I haven't switched tanks. I much prefer to switch high and near an airport.
 
I have intentionally run a tank dry. Even knowing that it was going to happen at any minute and being ready to do the switch, it still caused me to jump when it sputtered.
 
Here's a fatal one (pilot's wife): Flying from Townsend, MT to Spearfish, SD without switching tanks on a warrior.

NTSB Report

"The pilot reported that there was no mechanical malfunction or failure of the airplane
and that he did not switch the fuel tanks prior to landing, causing the engine to lose power due
to fuel starvation."
 
Was flying a 402 one day. Hot as blazes right into the sun. I had something to eat a couple hours earlier that wasn't sitting so well. When the urge to regurgitate became to much I ran to toilet and commenced the upheaval process. Just as I did, one engine quit. I choked back the second wave and ran forward and swapped that engines tank and ran back to potty to finish the unscheduled program and you guessed it. The other engine quit. Rinse and repeat. Thank goodness for the functioning autopilot.
 
My MVP 50 is currently set to flash the yellow light when it gets below 3 gallons. It's freaking annoying, I'm going to get rid of it hopefully. I typically leave my auxes dry unless I intend to use them.
 
My MVP 50 is currently set to flash the yellow light when it gets below 3 gallons. It's freaking annoying, I'm going to get rid of it hopefully. I typically leave my auxes dry unless I intend to use them.
It keeps blinking at you even if you acknowledge it? That would be annoying.
 
I haven’t read the whole thread but I’d say definitely don’t forget to switch tanks.
 
The instructor who checked me out in an L-19 made me get proficient with reaching back over my shoulder to switch tanks without looking, and spring loaded me to do it. When the fuel reaches a certain level, it will unport when you rotate to take off.
 
My MVP 50 is currently set to flash the yellow light when it gets below 3 gallons. It's freaking annoying, I'm going to get rid of it hopefully. I typically leave my auxes dry unless I intend to use them.
My aux tanks on my MVP 50 just go to 0.0 with no warning The mains flash yellow at 7.5. Sounds like you just had it set up wrong

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@Dave Arata is there a way to disable the yellow caution for the remainder of the flight on the certified model?
 
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Slipping on final is a relatively short event, so I would not expect fuel imbalance to be significant.
I hope you are not unpleasantly surprised some day. But, based on experience, slipping into a low tank can result into an "oh ****" moment if you decide do go around.
 
I use an Apple Watch with a 30 minute repeating timer on vibrate mode.

Now my only problem is remembering to start the timer in the first place.
I also used a vibrating handband timer during my training. Setting up the timer for 30 min intervals was part of my preflight custom checklist and starting the timer was in the takeoff checklist.
At one point I even contemplated making a timed light zapping device (like those dog collars but around the arm, not the neck) . Nothing conditions you like pain .
 
My aux tanks on my MVP 50 just go to 0.0 with no warning The mains flash yellow at 7.5. Sounds like you just had it set up wrong

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@Dave Arata is there a way to disable the yellow caution for the remainder of the flight on the certified model?
Yeah, I know that it's all configurable. When I put the new magnetic fuel sensors in, they walked me through some of the config changes. While I can see the alarm being useful on the main, the aux tanks really are designed to be run dry or left empty. I may have to call Dave up and get them to let me change that.
 
I haven’t read the whole thread but I’d say definitely don’t forget to switch tanks.
Unless you forgot to fill or sump the other tank. Then, definitely do forget to switch tanks.
 
The thing only has an on-off fuel selector(like the Navion :)).

My aux tanks don't have any unusable fuel (or perhaps it is all unusable). They're placarded for level flight only and you can draw them empty.
Fun Fact

One of the old man's Navions came out of annual with the tank selector handle installed 180 degrees from where it should have been. So, setting the handle to "main" selected the aux tank. Guess what happened at 50-100 AGL on the first takeoff after said annual inspection.

(Landed on remaining runway.)
 
Fun Fact

One of the old man's Navions came out of annual with the tank selector handle installed 180 degrees from where it should have been. So, setting the handle to "main" selected the aux tank. Guess what happened at 50-100 AGL on the first takeoff after said annual inspection.

(Landed on remaining runway.)
Underseat tank. Had to be empty. You can actually take off on the under seat aux. The tip tanks (whose valve is usually 90 degrees left and right of the main) can only be used in level flight and there has been at least one notable crash where people have lost power trying to takeoff on those. The baggage aux tank (which I have in addition to the tips) gravity feeds into right tank when you pull a different handle. Of course, no two Navions quite have he same fuel system there days with the plethora of STC'd aux tanks and the fact that the money grubbing people who bought the type certificate crammed an AD on the fuel selector through in hopes that everybody would have to buy one from them. Fortunately, the ADO who issued the AD, was very gracious in approving AMOCs. The type society provided a better valve (with a positive lock to keep you from inadvertently selecting OFF) and A/N fittings that fit flush into the floor like the original one did (so you don't break the handle stepping on it). The "factory" one is the same manufacturer (Andair) valve without the lock off, mounted so it sticks up out of the floor, and uses banjo fittings that don't also fit very well. Mine came from JLOsborne. It's essentially identical to the one that came with the tip tanks originally except it has a part number stamped on it now. All Navion fuel valves were off-the-shelf Stuart-Warner industrial valves rather than specifically being an aircraft part.
 
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