As a Senior AME - Deferrals can be something that is easy to do and get the paperwork to - Cardiac conditions - MOST can be approved - however pacemakers (NO), Coronary artery disease with CABGs, Stents, AFib - all can be approved - usually as along as all the paperwork is clear and letters by the cardiologist are WELL written can be approved. Diabetes - if you qualify for the CACI for pre-diabetes - use that, if you are on oral medications - make sure you are following the AME guidelines - very easy, if on insulin - that can be tricky - but must be followed. Cancers - many can be done on a CACI - so make sure your AME knows this -some might not if they do not do many exams. Sleep Apnea (let's say UGH) - if you follow the guidelines - VERY EASY - but if you have issues with the rules - then the FAA will not allow an issue of a medical certificate. And, when you get those letters from the FAA after a deferral - yes the wording is scary - but realize it is boilerplate that is required by congressional act - but JUST follow what the FAA wants - and you will more than likely get your medical - but as I have said before - if you are on medications such as Benzodiazpines, Uppers (Adderall), and if you have a 'legal state' MJ care - you can forget your medical for MANY months to come. Also, FAA does 'appear' to prioritize people for medical certificates - so if an airline pilot, who has had clear medicals for years and then all of a sudden you might have had a cancer - once all the treatment is done (off radiation/ chemo) - then usually issued within weeks - so I usually counsel my pilots not do to a medical until ALL treatment is done. Also, PLEASE do not ask an AME do purposely defer you (especially if you are NEW to that AME) - I have had some pilots purposely as me to do this so they can collect LTD - sorry - that is not really ethical - and not cool! Color vision - not a reason to defer - just issue a limited 3rd and then get the medical flight test. I did have a pilot who was flying for over 20 years, had a good record, no issues, and then he was new to me - I did his color - and lo and behold - he failed - UGH - what is happening - sent him to an ophthalmologist - he was having issues with more than just color - he eventually was able to get a SI - but he needed time. So as an AME - I act in your favor - but do the right thing - so you do not put your AME in a bind and when you work with your AME - things can go smoothly and if you have a good AME, they usually have a good communication status with the FAA in their region and with OKC. So do not be afraid of Deferrals - we are required to do that. Also, remember if it is for a FIRST time issue that says AASI (AME Assisted SI ) - the FIRST time the paperwork must be submitted first prior to the medial being issued.