I did my private in a 172N with the Penn Yan 180 hp STC. In the winter, the thing is downright fun to fly, with an easy 1000 fpm climb (of course my airport is about 500 MSL, which helps). The 172 is reasonably roomy (not as much as a 182, but certainly moreso than a Cherokee), and it makes it a good 3 person aircraft, 4 people without luggage. We put three people in the 172 a number of times, and it never cared about the weight. A month or two back, my boss (who is a large guy) took a coworker (an even larger guy) and his fiancee (who is not large, but is a gym nut and so is mostly muscle) up flying. It not only still fit within the weight and balance, but apparently was getting a 700 fpm climb.
I would always flight plan for 10 gph, and always beat it, normally running right around 7.5 gph. I would fly it at 2400 RPM, and it was happy there, and very smooth.
I am not a fan of 172s in general (I prefer the way the Archer flies in that category of aircraft), but if you are looking at needing to haul 3-4 people around without the expense of a 182, I would say the 172 with the 180 hp conversion is a good choice.
EDIT: You also mentioned the 177 Cardinal. I flew a 177B briefly, test flying it for a friend. It not only looks cooler, but in my opinion flies nicer than the 172. If you can find one for an acceptable price, I would certainly consider it.